Basic components of Life

Inorganic Organic
compounds compounds

-Carbohydrates
- Water - Lipids
- Minerals - Proteins
- Salts - Enzymes
- Acids - Vitamins
- Bases - Nucleic acids
- ATP
 ORGANIC MOLECULES

Brainstorm the topic using

the graphic below of key
words which may help to
bring out the key ideas.
Are you able to recognize any of them?
ORGANIC MOLECULES
 Organic Molecules
1)Carbohydrates
2) Lipids
*C, H, O elements are found in their structures
3) Proteins N, P, S can also be seen
4) Enzymes *The smallest unit of organic molecules are called …...........
5) Hormones
*The largest molecules are called ......................
6) Vitamins
7) Nucleic acids
8) ATP molecule
 Carbohydrates

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LeOUIXbFyqk
Carbohydrates
What’s the source of Glucose in Nature?
 1.Monosaccharides (single sugar)
• They are the simplest of the carbohydrates.

• Hexose: glucose, fructose, galactose.

• Pentose: ribose, deoxyribose.

 Monosaccharides
• Glucose • Fructose
Galactose
• Sweetest of all simple sugars • It is found in milk
• Glucose is produced by green
plants in photosynthesis.
2.Disaccharides

• They are formed when two monosaccharides

combine chemically by releasing a water
molecule.
• This reaction is called ...........................
• The bond fromed between 2 monosaccharides is
called .........................
 Dehydration synthesis vs Hydrolysis
Which one represents dehydration synthesis / hydrolysis?

What did we call all synthesis

reactions occurring in the How did we define all
cell?............................... synthesis & breakdown
reactions occurring in the
cell?....................................
 Dehydration synthesis vs Hydrolysis

Dehydration synthesis Hydrolysis

Type of reaction

Energy used/or
not?
Water produced
or used?

Examples
Disaccharides
…............
+ ..................

e.g. ...........................

…............
+ ..................

e.g. ...........................

…............
+ ..................

e.g. ...........................
Polysaccharides
Question:
If 100 glucose molecules are combined to form a polymer,
a) What is the name of bond formed between the
monosaccharides?
b) How many bonds are formed in total?
c) How many water molecules are formed in total?
 Polysaccharides are long chains of sugar units
Starch is the storage form of ……….. monomers in plants

Glycogen is a storage form of glucose in …………… They store it in

………….. and ………….. ………………

** …………and………also store their glucose in the form of glycogen

*An adult human may store about a half kilogram of glycogen in the liver and muscles of
the body, depending upon recent dietary habits. A person who begins dieting might soon
notice an immediate weight loss (1–2 kilograms) over several days, reflecting reductions in
stored glycogen, water, and intestinal contents (among other factors).

Cellulose is a polymer of glucose that forms plant cell ………

**Are we able to digest it? Why? Why not?

Chitin is a structural polysaccharide used by insects and crustaceans to build

their ……………………
*It also forms the cell wall of ……………
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Try to determine which polysaccharides they are….
 Starch
• Made up of glucose units.

• Storage form of glucose

in plants.

• Potatoes, rice, bread, and

pasta are rich in starch.

• Indicator: Iodine solution.

• Starch produces dark-blue

color with Iodine.
Glycogen • Primary storage form of
glucose in the liver and
skeletal muscles of animals
• Storage form of glucose in
Bacteria &Fungi
 Cellulose

Basic structural material of plant cell wall

Chitin

• Exoskeleton of an ………...

• Cell wall structure of ……..

• Has additional element

nitrogen (N).
Carbohydrates and Health
Excess amount of
carbohydrate,
• is stored as lipid
• may cause diabetes