Islamic University of Science & Technology

University Avenue I, Awantipora, Pulwama, J & K

Lecture-16
Unit-III

SWITCHGEAR AND PROTECTION

ELE-711T

Dr. Ahmed Sharique Anees

Assistant Professor
Department of Electrical Engineering
Islamic University of Science & Technology
University Avenue I, Awantipora, Pulwama, J & K 1
 Unit- III

Bus Bar Protection

and
Auto Reclosing
 Bus Bar Protection
• Differential Bus Bar Protection
• Differential Bus Bar Protection using air Cored
CTs
• High Impedance Differential Bus Bar
Protection
• Faulted Bus Bar Protection
Differential Protection of Bus bar Protection
Wrong Method of Selection of CT Ratios
Correct Method of Selection of CT Ratios
Behaviour of External Fault While one CT
gets Saturated
Behaviour of Scheme While internal Fault.
Circuit Model of Saturated CT
 Explanation of CT Saturation
• If the primary current increases, initially, the secondary
current also increases proportionately.
• This causes the secondary induced voltage to increase as
well.
• Increased secondary voltage can only be met with an
increase in the working flux of the CT. as the flux
increases, the transformer needs to draw a higher
magnetizing current.
• Any further increase in flux demand causes a
disproportionately large increase in the magnetizing
current requirement of the CT
 High Impedance Differential Bus bar
Protection
• It can be seen from Figure 5.10 that currents [(IA/N) - IoA] and [(IB/N) - IoB] sum
up and the resultant current has two parallel paths available.

• One path is through the over-current relay and the other is through (R, + RL) via
the short representing the saturated CT magnetizing branch. Thus, the part of
fault current will flow through the over-current relay, causing it to trip, even
though the fault is external. Hence, the OC relay needs to be restrained from
tripping on external faults (with one CT completely saturated).

• We can easily accomplish this by connecting a high resistance (known as the

stabilizing resistance) in series with the OC relay. The stabilizing resistance should
be of such a value that under the worst case of maximum external fault and full
saturation of one CT, the current through the OC relay is less than its pick-up value.

• Such schemes are known as high impedance bus bar differential schemes.
High Impedance Differential Protection
Equivalent circuit as seen from the CT
secondary's
Faulted Bus Bar Protection
 Auto Reclosing
• Single Shot
• Multiple Shot
• Single Pole
• Multiple Pole