LET’S REVIEW….

FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
The male and female reproductive organs are developed from
the same embryological structures, and some hormones are the
same for them both although they produce different responses.
The female reproductive system has the following functions:
1. production of female sex cells
2. production of female sex hormones
3. reception of sperm cells from the male
4. nurturing the development of and providing nourishment for
the new individual
 PARTS AND FUNCTIONS OF
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 THE OVARIES
• Ovaries produced egg cells.
• There are two ovaries each comparable to the size of an almond nut in every
female.
• It is suspended in the pelvic cavity by a ligament. The ligament extends from
each ovary to the lateral body wall, and the ovarian ligament.
• The ovary contains an ovarian follicle, which contains an oocyte or the female
germ cell.
• When follicles mature, they expand and rupture to release the egg. This
process is called ovulation.
• After ovulation, the remaining cells of the ruptured follicle transform into a
glandular structure known as the corpus luteum.
 FALLOPIAN TUBE OR OVIDUCT

• It serves as the passageway of eggs from the ovary to the uterus and
also the same place where the egg is fertilized.
• The fallopian tubes extend from the area of the ovaries to the uterus.
• The long and thin processes called fimbriae surround the opening of
each uterine tube.
• Fertilization usually occurs in the part of the uterine tube near the
ovary.
 UTERUS
• It serves as site of egg implantation; is where the fertilized egg develops
• The uterus is as big as a medium-sized pear.
• Internally, the uterine cavity continues through the cervix as the cervical
canal, which opens into the vagina.
• The larger rounded part is directed superiorly.
• The part of the uterus superior to the entrance of the uterine tubes is
called the fundus.
• The main part is called the body, and the narrower part is the cervix,
directed inferiorly.
 VAGINA

• The vagina is the female organ for copulation and it functions to

receive the penis during intercourse.
• It also allows menstrual flow and childbirth. This extends from the
uterus to the outside of the body.
• In young females, the vaginal opening is covered by a thin mucous
membrane called the hymen.
 VAGINA

• The hymen can completely close the vaginal opening, in which case
it must be removed to allow menstrual flow.
• This can be torn at some earlier time in a young female’s life during
a variety of activities which may include strenuous exercise. The
condition of the hymen is therefore not a reliable indicator of
virginity.
 MAMMARY GLAND

• These are the organs for milk production which are located in the breasts.
• The mammary glands are also considered as the modified sweat glands.
• Externally, each breast of both males and females has a raised nipple
surrounded by the circular, pigmented areola.
• Each breast consists of around 15-20 glandular lobes covered by a
considerable amount of fat tissue. It is this fat that gives the breast its
form.
CLASSROOM ETIQUETTE

1.PAY ATTENTION
2.SIT PROPERLY
3.RAISE YOUR HAND IF YOU ASK QUESTIONS
4.BE KIND AND RESPECT EVERYONE
To summarize, the important events during the
menstrual cycle are as follows:
1. The pituitary gland controls and starts the cycle.
2. The pituitary gland releases hormones that cause the
egg in the ovary to mature. The luteinizing hormone
(LH) initiates the maturation of the follicles, converts
ruptured follicles into corpus luteum and causes the
secretion of progesterone. The follicle stimulating
hormone (FSH) assists in the maturation of the follicles
and causes the secretion of estrogen from the follicles.
3. Meanwhile, the ovary itself releases a hormone
called estrogen, which causes the uterine lining to
increase in thickness. The uterine lining becomes
thicker so that the fertilized egg can attach to it.
4. The ovary releases an egg on day 14. Assume that no
sperm is present.
5. The egg moves through the oviduct and enters the
uterus.
6. Meanwhile the uterine lining continues to thicken.
7. The egg has not been fertilized, therefore, it will not
attach to the uterus.
8. The thick uterine lining is no longer necessary, so the
cells of the thickened uterine lining break off and leave
the vagina. The unfertilized egg is lost and some blood is
lost too. This loss of cells from the uterine
lining, blood, and egg is called menstruation.
9. After menstruation, the cycle starts again.
• The menstrual cycle can continue in a woman for about 40 years
stopping temporarily during pregnancy and resumes after giving
birth.
• Some pain, cramping, and discomfort during menstrual periods is
normal. Excessive pain that causes you to miss work or school must
be given medical attention.
GET ¼ SHEET OF PAPER
FOR ASSESSMENT
1. APPROXIMATELY HOW OFTEN IS AN EGG RELEASED FROM
THE OVARIES IN A FEMALE?

A. Every 15 days B. Every 27 days

C. Every 28 days D. Every 30 days
2. THESE ARE HORMONES INVOLVED IN THE MAINTENANCE OF THE UTERUS
LINING.

A. Insulin and Glucagon B. Thyroxin and Calcitonin

C. Estrogen and Progesterone D. Androgen and Testosterone
3. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WILL HAPPEN IF
PREGNANCY AMONG WOMEN DOES NOT OCCUR?

A. digestion occurs B. menopause occurs

C. fertilization occurs D. menstruation occurs
4. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ARE EXPERIENCED BY MOST WOMEN DURING THEIR
MENSTRUAL PERIOD?

A. headache B. abdominal cramps C.

backache and nausea D. all of these
5. AT WHAT STAGE IS A WOMAN MOST FERTILE?

A. Luteal Phase B. Follicular Phase C.

Ovulation Phase D. Menstrual Phase