THE SKELETAL

SYSTEM

Mac Glenn V. Tesado

CARTILAGE TENDONS LIGAMENTS JOINTS BONES
S

WHAT DOES SKELETAL SYSTEM

COMPOSED OF?
 CARTILAGE
It covers the tips of your bones where they meet. It
enables bones to move without friction (rubbing against
each other).
 DISEASES:
Arthritis

Osteoarthritis
• It occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of the bones
wear down over time.
• Commonly affects affects joints in your spine, hands, hips, knees.

Rheumatenoid Arthritis
• Is an autoimmune condition, which means it’s caused by immune system
attacking healthy body tissue.
CARTILAGE TENDONS LIGAMENTS JOINTS BONES
S

WHAT DOES SKELETAL SYSTEM

COMPOSED OF?
 TENDONS
• Connects Muscle to Bone
• A tendon is a cord of strong flexible tissue, similar to a
rope.
• Located at each ends of a muscle.
• Makes our limbs (arms) move.
CARTILAGE TENDONS LIGAMENTS JOINTS BONES
S

WHAT DOES SKELETAL SYSTEM

COMPOSED OF?
 LIGAMENTS
• Connection between Bone to Bone
• Usually serves to hold structures together and keep
them stable
 LIGAMENTS
DISEASES:

• ACL: Anterior Cruciate Ligament

• MCL: Medial Cruciate Ligament
• LCL: Lateral Cruciate Ligament
• PCL: Posterior Cruciate Ligament
CARTILAGE TENDONS LIGAMENTS JOINTS BONES
S

WHAT DOES SKELETAL SYSTEM

COMPOSED OF?
 JOINTS
• The point where one bone articulates or meet up with
another is called a joint.
• It provides the means for movements.

2 TYPES OF JOINTS
A. Fixed Joints
Ex: Skull
B. Movable Joints
Ex: Ball and Sockets, Hinge
Joints
 SPRAIN VS STRAIN
The difference between a sprain and a strain is that a sprain injures
the bands of tissue that connect two bones together, while a strain
involves an injury to a muscle or to the band of tissue that attaches a
muscle to the bone.
CARTILAGE TENDONS LIGAMENTS JOINTS BONES
S

WHAT DOES SKELETAL SYSTEM

COMPOSED OF?
 BONES
• Bones are made of connective tissue reinforced with
calcium and specialized bone cells.
• Most bones also contain bone marrow, where blood
cells are made. Bones work with muscles and joints to
hold our body together and support freedom of
movement. This is called the musculoskeletal system.
 2 TYPES OF
ENDO-SKELETON

AXIAL SKELETON APPENDICULAR

It consists of bones in the head, trunk, and SKELETON
Comprised of the upper and lower
vertebrae. extremities, which includes the shoulder
girdle and pelvis
 AXIAL ENDO-
SKELETON
SKULL
• It protects vital organs, primarily the
brain.
• Composed of 22 bones.
• Divided into 2 parts:
⚬ 1. Cranium (8 bones)
⚬ 2. Facial Bones (14 bones)
 AXIAL ENDO-
SKELETON
HYOID BONE
• " Floating Bone"
• Located in the front of the neck, just
below the lower jaw, carrying the
weight of the tongue and playing a
vital role in speech and swallowing.
 AXIAL ENDO-
SKELETON
VERTEBRAL
COLUMN
• " Spinal Column"
• The vertebrae protect and support the
spinal cord. They also bear the
majority of the weight put upon your
spine.
• Composed of 33 bones.
 C E RV I C A L THORACIC LUMBAR SACRUM COCCYX
V E RT E B R A E V E RT E B R A E V E RT E B R A E V E RT E B R A E V E RT E B R A E
 C E RV I C A L
V E RT E B R A E
• Provides support for the weight of your head.
• Protect your spinal cord.
• Allows for a wide range of head motions.
• Comprises of 7 vertebrae: C1-C7

THORACIC LUMBAR SACRUM COCCYX

V E RT E B R A E V E RT E B R A E V E RT E B R A E V E RT E B R A E
 THORACIC
V E RT E B R A E
• Support the back.
• Their articulations with the ribs allow them to
provide a protective cage around the delicate
organs of the thorax, including the heart and
lungs.
• Comprises of T1-T12
C E RV I C A L LUMBAR SACRUM COCCYX
V E RT E B R A E V E RT E B R A E V E RT E B R A E V E RT E B R A E
 LUMBAR
V E RT E B R A E

• Largest of the entire spine.

• Provide stability for your back and spinal
column.
• Allow for a point of attachment for many
muscles and ligaments.
C E RV I C A L
V E RT E B R A E
T H O R A C I C V E RT E B R A E • Comprises of L1-L5 SACRUM
V E RT E B R A E
COCCYX
V E RT E B R A E
 SACRUM
V E RT E B R A E

• Shield-shape bony structure that is located at the

base of the lumbar vertebrae and that is
connected to the pelvis.
• Forms the posterior pelvic wall and strengthens
and stabilizes the pelvis.
C E RV I C A L T H O R A C I C V E RT E B R A E LUMBAR COCCYX
V E RT E B R A E V E RT E B R A E V E RT E B R A E
 COCCYX
V E RT E B R A E

• "TailBone"
• Helps support your weight while you sit.
• If you lean back while sitting, such as reclining
in a chair, the pressure on your coccyx
increases.
C E RV I C A L T H O R A C I C V E RT E B R A E LUMBAR SACRUM
V E RT E B R A E V E RT E B R A E V E RT E B R A E
 AXIAL ENDO-
SKELETON
RIBS
• It protects vital organs such as lungs and heart.
• Composed of 24 bones.
• Divided into 3 parts:
⚬ True Ribs: 1-7 ribs. Directly articulate with
the sternum with their costal cartilage
(Hyaline Cartilage).
⚬ False Ribs: Indirectly articulate with the
sternum, as their costal cartilages connect
with the seventh costal cartilage.
⚬ Floating Ribs: Do not articulate with the
sternum at all: they are the distal ribs.
APPENDICULAR ENDO-
SKELETON
UPPER
EXTREMITY /
• To UPPER LIMBS
move the hand around the body
during the activities of life.
• The shoulder girdle provides a wide
range of motion-exceeding a
hemisphere, so that the hands may reach
in all directions.
• Composed of 30 bones.
APPENDICULAR ENDO-
SKELETON
SKULL
PECTORAL
GIRDLE
• It protects vital organs, primarily the
• Attaches the upper limbs (arms) to
brain.
axial skeleton.
• Composed of 22 bones.
• Thin Flat Bones
• Divided into 2 parts:
• Composed of Clavicle (collarbone)
⚬ 1. Cranium (8 bones)
and the scapula (shoulder blade).
⚬ 2. Facial Bones (14 bones)
APPENDICULAR ENDO-
SKELETON
LOWER
E XTREMITY /
• ToLsupport
OWER LIMBS
the weight of the body with
minimal expenditure of energy.
• Composed of 30 bones.
APPENDICULAR ENDO-
SKELETON
P E LVIC GIRDLE
• To move the hand around the body
during the activities of life.The pelvic
girdle (hip girdle) is formed by a single
bone, the hip bone or coxal bone (coxal
= “hip”), which serves as the attachment
point for each lower limb. Each hip
bone, in turn, is firmly joined to the axial
skeleton via its attachment to the sacrum
of the vertebral column.
APPENDICULAR ENDO-
SKELETON
FEMUR
• Longest bone in our body.
• It's a critical part of your ability to stand
and move.
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!

Mac Glenn V. Tesado