CHAPTER 6.

BROILER
PRODUCTION
START SLIDE
 Broilers are meat type chicken that grows and reach
marketable size (1.6-2.0 kg live weight) at 35-42 days. The
amount of feed consumed for every kilogram of body weight
gain (also called as feed conversion ratio or feed efficiency) is
2.0-2.5. Underweight and overweight broilers are not preferred
by consumers.
1. FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN
BROILER RAISING

MARKET OUTLET
 WHY BROILERS SHOULD NOT BE KEPT
LONGER THAN 8 WEEKS?

1. Feed conversion becomes poorer or the broiler becomes older.

2. Broilers become oversized, not easily marketed or saleable, and price is
low per unit weight. Market
demand is 1.0-1.5 kg.
3. There are some physiological changes relative to reproduction function.
There is a change in
physical conformation due to sex difference.
 REGULAR SUPPLY OF GOOD
BROILER CHICKS
Profits in broiler raising can’t be obtained from one broiler or a group
broilers at one time, but
rather on a good number at one time, followed at close intervals regularly
from batch to batch and through
the years. In this connection, there must be an assured supply of good broiler
chicks so that a definite
program of growing and selling can be effective. You may have an assured
market but if chicks are not
available on time the program of marketing will also be disturbed.
 THE SUPPLY OF CHICKS SHOULD BE VOLUME
ORIENTED. IT SHOULD BE PROGRAMMED 5-6
BATCHES WITHIN A YEAR.

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 CONSTANT SUPPLY OF BROILER FEEDS, FEED
SUPPLEMENTS AND ESSENTIAL MEDICINES
Feed is the biggest item in the operational cost. The quality of feed is
always reflected in the growth
of broilers. Chicks cannot wait availability of feeds. Feed must be
available all the time. The modern stock
of broilers responds very well to feed supplements and additives that
influence fast growth. The birds also
benefit much medical treatment in cases of stress conditions that may
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Biological preparation like vaccines must always be available to be

able to follow the cardinal rules
of disease prevention.
 Capitalization
Broiler raising needs intensive capitals; returns are
quick but investments are high.
Example: 100 broilers – operational cost – 70.00
conservative estimate excluding housing. It only
includes
chick cost, feeds, labor, light, water, etc.; 3.00-5.00
profit/broiler
 2. SYSTEMS OF BROILER OPERATION

A. All-in all out system

Only broilers of one age are being raised and all of
them are sold at the same
time. This is most desirable to affect a simple
disease control measure, especially if in one
locality,
community or area; there will be no other age
groups of birds.
 B. Two stage operation
Two age groups of broiler are being kept in the
farm.
If the principle that no different ages of chicks
are to be mixed in one house will be followed, the
two stage operation certainly calls for separate
brooder house and grower house.
 c. Multiple stage broiler operation

This is similar to the two stage broiler operation except that there
should be more units to facilitate
as many stages or accommodate various ages of broilers. The turnover
of chicks can be either daily, every
2 days, weekly, bi-weekly, etc. provided that the management is
carefully observed to effect no mixing of
ages in one particular house and strictly follow sanitary measures to
minimize possible contamination; this
system can be successfully used. Hen marketing contracts call for a
frequent output of broilers, this system
is always resorted to.
Contract growing of broilers
1. Integrator company (contractor)
2. Farmer (grower)
Contractors’ responsibility
1. Supplies of chicks and feeds
2. Provide technical services and guidance in raising broilers
3. Pay fixed fee for raising the broilers – hat is embodied in the
contract, including houses and
incentives
4. Gets back the grower broilers from the farmers
5. Do the scheduling of the next batch
Farmers’ responsibility
1. Provides the proper housing – appropriate for the size of
flock to be raised.
2. Housing facilities should be acceptable to company’s
standards
3. Report of any unexpected eventuality
Contract should contain 3 essential C’s
1. Complete
2. Clear
3. Concise
Classification of broiler raisers
a. Independent raiser
b. Contract grower
Broiler strains marketed in the Philippines
a. Anak 2000
b. Anak 180
c. Arbor Acre
d. Cobb
e. Pilch
f. Starbro
g. Peterson
h. Ross
i. Avian
 Chapter 7. DEFINITION OF
TERMS
• Poultry –a collective term for all domestic birds rendering economic services to
man. Domesticated animals are those that can live and multiply feely under the
care of man.
• Fowl – generally is a term applied to all poultry species specifically; apply to designate
mature domestic
cocks and hens. Poultry can refer also to the dressed carcass of fowls.

• POULTRY SPECIES – KINDS OR BIRDS THAT ARE INCLUDED IN THE TERM

POULTRY
• AVERAGE LIVE WEIGHT – AVERAGE EIGHT OF CHICKEN DURING
HARVEST/MARKET AGE
 Chapter 7. DEFINITION OF
TERMS
Beak – the projecting mouth of the chicken or turkey, consisting of
upper and lower mandibles; organ of
pretension
• Bill – the projecting mouth of waterfowls
• Breeder – a general term that designate the poultry raiser who
produces fowls for any special purpose with the object of improving
their value of in conformity with an agreed standard of excellence.
 Chapter 7. DEFINITION OF
• Breed – a race of domestic fowls, which maintains distinctive
TERMS
characteristic shape, growth, temperament,
and shell colors of egg produced. Breed is a broader term than variety.
• Broiler – meat type chicken commonly had grown up to 35-42 days and
weighing 1.5 – 2.0 kg. live weight.
• Brooder – a place here young chicks are cared for after hatching until
they have grown to a point where
they no longer need additional heat
 Chapter 7. DEFINITION OF
TERMS
• Capon – caponized cockerels; usually grown up to 4 months and
weigh up to 3 kg. with more improved
quality of meat
• Chicken – the most popular poultry species; different from turkeys,
ducks, quails, geese, etc.
• Chick – young domestic chicken while in the downy stage
• Clutches – a group of eggs laid for successive days
 Chapter 7. DEFINITION OF
TERMS
• Cock/rooster – a male fowl one year old or over
• Cockerel – a male fowl less than one year old
• Comb – made of vascular zed tissue growing on top of fowl’s head. This
serves as an ornamental function,
signs of status and condition of the male and female and for heat dissipation.
The standard varieties of comb
are: single, rose, pea, V-shaped, strawberry, cushion and the buttercup; all
others being modifications of
these.
 Chapter 7. DEFINITION OF
• Crop – the receptacle in which a fowl’s food is accumulated
TERMS
before it passes to the gizzard
• Culls – old hens had passed their usefulness for commercial
egg production
• Debeaking – cutting part of the upper and lower mandibles it
the use of electrically controlled cauterizing
blade having a temperature of 815°C to destroy the tissue
responsible to generate beak growth
 Chapter 7. DEFINITION OF
TERMS
• Dawn – the first covering of a chick w hose major function is for
insulation
Drake – a male of the duck family
• Dubbing – cutting of the comb, wattles, or earlobes, so to leave the
head smooth
• Duckling – the young of the duck family in the downy stage of the
plumage
• Feed conversion ration – volume of feed necessary to produce a
kilogram gain in eight
 Chapter 7. DEFINITION OF
• Hatching – the process where the fully developed embryo breaks out f the
TERMS eggs
• Harvest recovery – the number or volume of chicken sold/market based
on the number of day old chicks
raised
• Incubation – period where embryonic development takes place outside the
body of the hen
• Layer – egg type or dual type 6 months old female that lays egg
• Morbidity rate – number of chicken afflicted by disease
 Chapter 7. DEFINITION OF
TERMS
• Mortality rate – number of chicken that died based on the total number
of chickens raised
• Oviposition – act of laying eggs
• Ovulation – mature ova released from the ovary which is affected by
hormonal secretion
• Plumage – the feathers of a fowl
• Poult – the young of a domestic turkey; the term is popularly applied
until sex can be distinguished, hen
they rare called cockerels and pullets
 Chapter 7. DEFINITION OF
TERMS
• Pullet – female fowl 5-6 months of age intended for egg production
• Pullet duck – a female duck less than 6 months old
• Primaries – the longest feathers of a wing, growing between the
opinions and secondary’s, hidden hen
wing is folded, otherwise known as flight feathers
 Chapter 7. DEFINITION OF
• Quill – the hollow, horny basal part of stem of a feather
TERMS
• Secondaries – long, large quill feathers
• Shank – the portion of a fowl’s leg below the neck
• Single comb – a comb consisting of a single, fleshy, serrated
formation extending from the beak downward
 Chapter 7. DEFINITION OF
TERMS
• Strain – a family of any variety of poultry that
possesses and reproduces with mark regularity
• Variety – subdivision of a breed
• Wattle – the pendant growth at the sides and base of
the beak
 Chapter 7. DEFINITION OF
• Web of feet –TERMS
the flat skin beside the toes
• Web – the flat portion of a feather either side of shaft
• Web of wings – the triangular skin attaching the three
joints of the wings, visible hen the wings are extended
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