FLOODS AND

CYCLONES
GEOGRAPHY PRESENTATION
Group Leader: Khadija Nauman
Members: Haniya Bilal, Maarij Maryam, Ind-e-Alam, Ifrah Rafaqat, Inaya
Khurram, Khadija Zia
PART ONE
FLOODS
WHAT IS A FLOOD? WHAT
ARE ITS TYPES?
 What is a flood?
 A flood is an overflow of water that
submerges land that is usually dry.
Types of floods:
1.Fluvial/river floods
2.Pluvial/ flash floods
3. Coastal floods/storm
surge
4. Groundwater flood
5. Sewage flood
EFFECTS OF FLOODS

 Effects of floods are long term and can be disruptive, costly and
distressing. Impacts of floods depend on type of flooding, location,
vulnerability of affected community, timing, magnitude, and length
of time floodwaters persist.
 Some effects of floods include:
 Threaten lives
 Inundate property and businesses
 Destroy belongings
 Damage vital infrastructure
 Prevent access to essential public services
 Social impact on a community causing events or functions to be
cancelled
 Affecting tourism
 Agriculture
 Contamination of floodwaters with chemicals and sewage, posing
as a threat to health
REGIONS MOST AT RISK
FROM FLOODS
 South Asia's geography makes it susceptible to natural disasters
and the most flood vulnerable regions in the world. In addition to
this, countries in this region exhibit a high level of vulnerability
unfortunately due to lack of resources, namely adaptive as well
as coping capacities.
 Any plain low-lying area adjacent to a river, lagoon, or lake is
also more likely to have floods anytime the water level rises. This
includes coastal areas and shorelines, as seawater can easily be
swept inland by strong winds, tides, and tsunamis.
 With a risk index score of 10, Bangladesh and Vietnam were the
top countries worldwide in terms of flood risk, based on their
physical exposure to this type of event. Myanmar followed a
close second, with a risk index score of 9.9.
PREVENTIVE MEASURES
AGAINST FLOODS
 Identify flood prone regions
 Build flood proof structures
 Follow health and safety advice
 Assure safe dams and get emergency plans ready
 Increase plantation
 Timely cleaning of storm drains
 With a risk index score of 10, Bangladesh and Vietnam were the
top countries worldwide in terms of flood risk, based on their
physical exposure to this type of event. Myanmar followed a close
second, with a risk index score of 9.9.
 The Netherlands has the best flood prevention in the world
INTERESTING FACTS
ABOUT FLOODS
 From June 15th to October 2022, floods in Pakistan killed 1,839
people and caused Rs. 3.2 trillion (15.2 billion) economic loss.
 In 2010, an unprecedented monsoon caused one of the worst
floods in Pakistan’s history. It affected 160,000 square km of
land, 1,985 lives and 17,553 villages were flooded.
 Floods Are Now the #1 Natural Disaster on the Planet.
 Earth Has Lost More Than 28 Trillion Tons of Ice Over the Last
30 Years.
 90% of Natural Disasters in the United States Involve Flooding.
 Flooding Is 900% More Frequent in Coastal Areas Than 50 Years
Ago.
PART TWO
CYCLONES
 WHAT IS A CYCLONE?
WHAT ARE ITS TYPES
 What is a cyclone? What are the types of
 In meteorology, it is an air mass that rotates cyclones?
around a strong center of low atmospheric 1. Extratropical cyclone
pressure, counterclockwise in Northern 2. Tropical cyclone
Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern
Hemisphere. 3. Polar cyclone
 It is a tropical storm with winds blowing in 4. Mesocyclone
large spirals around a relatively calmer 5. Subtropical cyclone
center known as the “eye.
EFFECTS OF CYCLONES

 Damage houses, buildings and infrastructure

 Disrupt transportation, power and communication services.
 Cause flooding and landslides
 It can lead to water contamination and spread of disease
 Displacement of people and animals
 Impact livelihood
 Have a significant impact on the national economy.
 Disruption in essential services like healthcare, power and water supply.
 Disrupt transportation systems
 Decrease in consumer spending and business activities
 REGIONS MOST AT RISK

FROM CYCLONES
As of 2023, the countries most exposed to tropical OTHER NAMES FOR
cyclones across the globe were located in Asia and the CYCLONES:
Caribbean. According to a risk index which considered the Cyclones are known by
different names in
number of people exposed to this type of event per year,
different regions of the
Japan ranked first, with a score of 10, followed by the world.
Philippines, which received a score of 9.5. In the Caribbean Sea,
 The Pacific Ocean generates the greatest number of they are called
hurricanes.
tropical storms and cyclones. The most powerful storms,
In the China sea, they are
sometimes called super typhoons, occur in the western called Typhoons.
Pacific. The Indian Ocean is second in the total number of Indian Oceans know
storms, and the Atlantic Ocean ranks third. them as tropical cyclones
 and Japan as Taifu.
Hurricanes occur in the Atlantic Ocean and the eastern Northern Australia calls
north Pacific Ocean. Typhoons occur in the western them “wily willies”, and
Pacific Ocean. Tropical cyclones occur in the south Pacific Philippines know them as
Ocean and Indian Ocean. “Baguio”. In the USA,
they are called tornadoes.
PREVENTIVE MEASURES
AGAINST CYCLONES

 Early warning systems

 Evacuation plans
 Disaster preparation kits
 Cover windows
 Trim trees and shrubs around your home so that they are more
wind-resistant.
 Clear loose and clogged rain gutters and downspouts.
 Reinforce garage doors so wind doesn't enter and cause structural
damage.
INTERESTING FACTS
ABOUT FLOODS
 The strongest tropical cyclone ever recorded was the Typhoon
Tip, which reached a pressure of 870 hPa on October 12, 1979.
 Typhoon Hayan was the most powerful tropical cyclone to ever
hit land.
 The smallest cyclone was Tropical Storm Marco with gale force
winds that only extended 11.5 miles when it struck Mexico on
October 7th, 2008.
 Olivia (April 1996) holds the record for the highest wind speed
ever recorded. It had a windspeed of 253 mph or 408 km/h.