P L U M B I N G M A T E R I A LS

AN D F I T T I N G
PLUMBING???

IS AN ESSENTIAL ASPECT OF ANY MODERN BUILDING, FROM HOMES TO COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DELIVERY OF CLEAN WATER AND REMOVAL OF WASTE WATER
BASIC COMPONENTS OF A PLUMBING SYSTEM
1. PIPES AND FITTING

RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DELIVERY OF CLEAN WATER AND THE REMOVAL OF WASTEWATER
COME IN DIFFERENT MATERIALS SUCH AS PVC, COPPER, AND GALVANIZED STEELS DEPENDS ON THE
SPECIFIC NEEDS OF PLUMBING SYSTEM
TYPES OF PIPES
PVC, OR POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, PLASTIC IS • CONS OF PVC PIPE
A COMMON TYPE OF PIPE IN RESIDENTIAL
REQUIRES TWO STEPS TO MAKE A
AND COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS. PVC PIPES CONNECTION, PRIMER, AND CEMENT.
ARE VERSATILE AND CAN BE USED
INDOORS, OUTDOORS, AND CAN ONLY HANDLE FLUIDS UP TO 140
DEGREES FAHRENHEIT.
UNDERGROUND.

PROS OF PVC PIPE

• STRONG AND DURABLE.
• INEXPENSIVE AND CHEAPER THAN COPPER.
• NON-TOXIC.

A. PVC PIPE (POLY VINYL CHLORIDE)

PIPES OFFER DURABLE AND FLEXIBLE SOLUTIONS FOR A WIDE
RANGE OF APPLICATIONS.
POLYETHYLENE PIPING IS RESISTANT TO CORROSION IN ALL
GROUND CONDITIONS AND ITS FLEXIBILITY ALLOWS IT TO
WITHSTAND GROUND MOVEMENTS.

B. PE PIPE (POLYETHYLENE)
 • CAST-IRON PIPE IS NOT FREQUENTLY USED TODAY IN RESIDENTIAL PLUMBING, THOUGH SOME
OLDER HOMES MAY HAVE CAST-IRON PIPING. CAST-IRON PIPE IS TYPICALLY USED FOR
COMMERCIAL OR CIVIC PIPING AND WATER DISTRIBUTION, AS WELL AS SEWER AND DRAIN
LINES.
PROS OF CAST-IRON PIPE

• HEAT-RESISTANT.
• REDUCES THE SOUND OF FLUIDS.
• STRONG AND DURABLE.
CONS OF CAST-IRON PIPE

• SUBJECT TO RUST AND MINERAL BUILDUP.

• HEAVY.
C. CI PIPE (CAST IRON)
 GALVANIZED STEEL PIPING WAS ORIGINALLY INTRODUCED AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO
LEAD PIPE. IT WAS GENERALLY USED FOR DRAIN, WASTE, AND VENT PIPING BEFORE THE
1980S. NOW, GALVANIZED STEEL IS COMMON IN GAS PIPING. GALVANIZED PIPE HAS
THREADED CONNECTIONS THAT MAKE IT EASY TO CONNECT.
PROS OF GALVANIZED STEEL PIPE

• STRONG AND DURABLE.

• CHEAPER THAN COPPER.
CONS OF GALVANIZED STEEL PIPE

• CAN RUST AND CONTAMINATE FLUIDS WITH LEAD.

• MINERAL BUILDUP CAN CAUSE CLOGGING.
D. GI PIPE (GALVANIZED IRON)
PEX, OR CROSS-LINKED POLYETHYLENE, PLASTIC PIPING COMES IN THREE TYPES: A, B, AND C. A IS THE
MOST FLEXIBLE, B IS SLIGHTLY LESS FLEXIBLE, AND C IS THE STIFFEST, SUITABLE FOR QUICK REPAIRS. NOT
ALL VARIETIES OF PEX PIPE ARE AVAILABLE IN ALL AREAS. PEX PIPE IS USED FOR WATER SUPPLY LINES AND
GENERALLY COMES IN TWO COLORS: RED FOR HOT AND BLUE FOR COLD.
PROS OF PEX PIPING
• EXTREMELY FLEXIBLE, SO FEWER CONNECTIONS AND THEREFORE FEWER POSSIBILITIES FOR LEAKS.
• CORROSION-RESISTANT IF USED PROPERLY.
• CHEAPER THAN COPPER.
CONS OF PEX PIPING
• REQUIRES SPECIAL TOOLS FOR MAKING CONNECTIONS.
• CANNOT BE USED OUTDOORS.
E. PEX PIPE
 • ABS, OR ACRYLONITRILE BUTADIENE STYRENE, IS A BLACK PLASTIC PIPE MAINLY USED
FOR DRAIN, WASTE, AND VENT PIPING. ABS PIPE CAN BE USED BOTH INDOORS AND
OUTDOORS, IS LIGHTWEIGHT, AND IS JOINED BY USING A ONE-STEP CEMENT.
PROS OF ABS PIPE

• STRONG AND DURABLE.

• CAN WITHSTAND COLD TEMPERATURES.
• INEXPENSIVE.
• EASY TO CONNECT.
CONS OF ABS PIPE

• CONTAINS BPA, WHICH MAY CAUSE CANCER.

F. ABS PIPE
• COPPER PIPE IS THE MOST WIDELY USED HARD PIPE FOR WATER SUPPLY IN RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL
APPLICATIONS. THERE ARE RIGID COPPER PIPES AND FLEXIBLE VARIETIES AS WELL. IT COMES IN THREE WALL
THICKNESSES: M, L, AND K. CONNECTIONS ARE MADE BY SOLDERING FLUX ONTO THE JOINT WHERE THE PIPE
AND FITTING OR CONNECTION MEET.

• PROS OF COPPER PIPES

• DURABLE WITH A LONG LIFE SPAN (50+ YEARS).
• CORROSION-RESISTANT.
• CAN TOLERATE HOT AND COLD WATER.
• CONS OF COPPER PIPES
• EXPENSIVE.
• HARD TO USE IN TIGHT SPACES.
• MUST BE WELDED TOGETHER.

G. COPPER PIPE
• CPVC, OR CHLORINATED POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, PLASTIC IS SIMILAR TO PVC PIPE AND HAS SIMILAR
USES. THE ADDED CHLORINE MAKES THE PLASTIC HARDER AND MORE DURABLE THAN PVC. CPVC CAN
WITHSTAND HOT FLUIDS UP TO 200 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT BUT IS MORE EXPENSIVE THAN PVC.
PROS OF CPVC PIPE

• CAN HANDLE HOT FLUIDS UP TO 200 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT.

• CHEAPER THAN COPPER.
• STRONG AND DURABLE.
CONS OF CPVC PIPE

• MORE EXPENSIVE THAN PVC.

• REQUIRES A TWO-STEP CONNECTION PROCESS, CONSISTING OF PRIMER AND CEMENT.

H. CPVC
• HIGH-DENSITY POLYBUTYLENE, OR HDPE, PIPING IS ONLY USED UNDERGROUND AND MAY BE REQUIRED FOR
CERTAIN TYPES OF PIPING PER CODE. HDPE IS FLEXIBLE PIPING THAT WORKS WELL IN COLD WEATHER, BUT
CANNOT BE PLACED IN DIRECT SUNLIGHT.
PROS OF HIGH-DENSITY POLYBUTYLENE

• DURABLE.
• CORROSION-RESISTANT.
• FLEXIBLE SO REQUIRES FEWER CONNECTIONS.
• GOOD IN COLD WEATHER.
• NON-TOXIC.
CONS OF HIGH-DENSITY POLYBUTYLENE

• CAN CRACK IN HIGH TEMPERATURES.

• MELTS IN DIRECT SUNLIGHT.
I. HDPE
 • BLACK IRON WAS USED AS A WATER SUPPLY PIPING BUT IS NOW MAINLY USED
FOR GAS OR PROPANE LINES AND FIRE SPRINKLERS. BLACK IRON PIPE IS STRONG,
DURABLE, AND WITHSTANDS HIGH TEMPERATURES WELL.
PROS OF BLACK IRON PIPE
• HEAT-RESISTANT.
• DURABLE.
CONS OF BLACK IRON PIPE
• HEAVY.
• DIFFICULT TO INSTALL.
J. BLACK IRON
2. PLUMBING FIXTURES

CONNECT TO THE PIPES AND GIVE YOU ACCESS TO THE WATER SUPPLY
DRAW FRESH WATER AND DISCHARGE WASTEWATER DOWN TO DRAINAGE
EXAMPLES: HOT WATER HEATER, TOILETS, FAUCETS
A. BATHTUBS
USED FOR SOAKING AND RELAXING IN WATER. THEY ARE TYPICALLY FOUND IN BATHROOMS,
AND COME IN A RANGE OF SIZES AND STYLES TO SUIT DIFFERENT NEEDS AND PREFERENCES.
BATHTUB DESIGNS CAN INCLUDE CLAWFOOT TUBS, WHICH HAVE A SEPARATE
FREESTANDING TUB AND FEET; FREESTANDING TUBS, WHICH ARE NOT ATTACHED TO ANY
WALLS; AND BUILT-IN TUBS, WHICH ARE INSTALLED IN A DESIGNATED ALCOVE OR SPACE.
BATHTUBS ALSO COME IN VARIOUS MATERIALS, INCLUDING ACRYLIC, PORCELAIN, AND
CAST IRON, AND CAN HAVE FEATURES SUCH AS BUILT-IN JETS FOR A MASSAGING EFFECT
AND ADJUSTABLE WATER FLOW AND TEMPERATURE.
B. BIDETS
THEY ARE TYPICALLY FOUND IN BATHROOMS NEXT TO THE TOILET, AND CONSIST OF A BASIN
WITH A BUILT-IN NOZZLE FOR DIRECTING A STREAM OF WATER. BIDETS CAN BE USED FOR
CLEANING THE GENITALS AND ANUS AFTER USING THE TOILET, AND OFFER AN ALTERNATIVE TO
TOILET PAPER.

BIDET DESIGNS CAN INCLUDE STANDALONE UNITS WITH A SEPARATE BASIN AND SEAT, OR
ATTACHMENTS THAT CAN BE INSTALLED ON AN EXISTING TOILET. SOME BIDETS ALSO HAVE
ADDITIONAL FEATURES SUCH AS ADJUSTABLE WATER FLOW AND TEMPERATURE, AIR DRYERS,
AND DEODORIZERS.
C. WATER FILTERS
USED FOR PURIFYING DRINKING WATER. THEY CONSIST OF A CARTRIDGE OR FILTER THAT
REMOVES IMPURITIES, AND ARE TYPICALLY FOUND UNDER KITCHEN SINKS. WATER FILTERS
PROVIDE CLEAN AND SAFE DRINKING WATER, AND CAN BE PITCHER FILTERS, FAUCET-MOUNTED
FILTERS, OR UNDER-SINK FILTERS.

THEY CAN ALSO PLAY A ROLE IN IMPROVING WATER QUALITY AND CAN BE FOUND IN A RANGE
OF STYLES AND SIZES. WATER FILTERS ARE A CONVENIENT AND EFFECTIVE PLUMBING FIXTURE
THAT SERVE AN IMPORTANT FUNCTION IN PROVIDING CLEAN DRINKING WATER IN THE HOME.
D. LAUNDRY TUBS
USED FOR WASHING CLOTHES. THEY ARE TYPICALLY FOUND IN UTILITY ROOMS OR LAUNDRY
ROOMS, AND CONSIST OF A BASIN WITH A FAUCET FOR FILLING AND DRAINING WATER.
LAUNDRY TUB DESIGNS CAN INCLUDE FREESTANDING TUBS, WHICH HAVE A SEPARATE BASIN
AND LEGS; BUILT-IN TUBS, WHICH ARE INSTALLED IN A DESIGNATED ALCOVE OR SPACE; AND
DOUBLE TUBS, WHICH HAVE TWO BASINS FOR WASHING AND RINSING CLOTHES. LAUNDRY
TUBS ALSO COME IN VARIOUS MATERIALS, INCLUDING STAINLESS STEEL, PORCELAIN, AND
ACRYLIC, AND CAN HAVE FEATURES SUCH AS BUILT-IN DRAINBOARDS FOR DRYING CLOTHES
AND BUILT-IN STORAGE FOR LAUNDRY SUPPLIES.
 E. SHOWERS
• THEY CONSIST OF A SHOWERHEAD, ATTACHED TO A PLUMBING SYSTEM, WHICH PROVIDES A
FLOW OF WATER FOR WASHING. SHOWERS COME IN VARIOUS STYLES, INCLUDING STAND-ALONE
UNITS WITH A SEPARATE SHOWERHEAD AND ENCLOSURE, RAINFALL SHOWERS WITH A CEILING-
MOUNTED SHOWERHEAD, AND STEAM SHOWERS WITH ADDED FEATURES FOR A SPA-LIKE
EXPERIENCE.

• IN ADDITION TO THEIR PRACTICAL USE, SHOWERS CAN ALSO PLAY A ROLE IN INTERIOR DESIGN
AND CAN BE FOUND IN A RANGE OF STYLES AND DESIGNS TO MATCH THE AESTHETIC OF A HOME
OR BUILDING. MODERN SHOWERS ALSO OFFER A VARIETY OF FEATURES, SUCH AS ADJUSTABLE
WATER FLOW AND TEMPERATURE, MASSAGE SETTINGS, AND BUILT-IN SHELVES AND BENCHES.
F. SINK

 USED FOR WASHING HANDS, BRUSHING TEETH, AND CLEANING DISHES. THEY ARE
TYPICALLY FOUND IN KITCHENS AND BATHROOMS, AND COME IN A RANGE OF STYLES
AND SIZES TO SUIT DIFFERENT NEEDS AND PREFERENCES.

SINK DESIGNS CAN INCLUDE PEDESTAL SINKS, WHICH HAVE A SEPARATE PEDESTAL
BASE AND BASIN; WALL-MOUNTED SINKS, WHICH ARE MOUNTED TO THE WALL; AND
UNDERMOUNT SINKS, WHICH ARE INSTALLED UNDER THE COUNTERTOP.
G. TAP
CONNECTIONS FOR WATER HOSES
AN INDUSTRY TERM FOR THAT SUB-CATEGORY OF PLUMBING
FIXTURES CONSISTING OF TAP VALVES, ALSO CALLED WATER TAPS
(BRITISH ENGLISH) OR FAUCETS (AMERICAN ENGLISH), AND THEIR
ACCESSORIES, SUCH AS WATER SPOUTS AND SHOWER HEADS.
H. FAUCETS
THEY ARE TYPICALLY FOUND IN KITCHENS AND BATHROOMS, AND COME IN A
RANGE OF STYLES AND DESIGNS TO SUIT DIFFERENT NEEDS AND PREFERENCES.
FAUCET DESIGNS CAN INCLUDE SINGLE HANDLE FAUCETS, WHICH HAVE ONE
LEVER FOR CONTROLLING THE WATER FLOW AND TEMPERATURE; DOUBLE
HANDLE FAUCETS, WHICH HAVE SEPARATE HANDLES FOR HOT AND COLD WATER;
AND TOUCHLESS FAUCETS, WHICH ARE ACTIVATED BY A MOTION SENSOR.
I. GARBAGE DISPOSAL

 USED FOR GRINDING UP FOOD WASTE. THEY ARE TYPICALLY FOUND IN

KITCHEN SINKS, AND CONSIST OF A MOTORIZED GRINDING MECHANISM
THAT IS ACTIVATED BY A SWITCH OR BUTTON. GARBAGE DISPOSALS
ALLOW FOR FOOD WASTE TO BE EASILY AND CONVENIENTLY DISPOSED OF,
WITHOUT THE NEED FOR A SEPARATE TRASH CAN FOR FOOD WASTE.
J. TOILETS
• IT CONSISTS OF A CERAMIC BOWL, CONNECTED TO A PLUMBING SYSTEM, WHICH
ALLOWS FOR THE WASTE TO BE FLUSHED AWAY AND TREATED. THE BOWL IS TYPICALLY
LOCATED AT A COMFORTABLE HEIGHT FOR SITTING, AND HAS A SEAT AND LID FOR
ADDED COMFORT AND CLEANLINESS.

• TOILETS CAN BE DIVIDED INTO TWO MAIN CATEGORIES: GRAVITY-FED AND PRESSURE-
ASSISTED. GRAVITY-FED TOILETS USE THE FORCE OF GRAVITY TO FLUSH WASTE
THROUGH THE PLUMBING SYSTEM, WHILE PRESSURE-ASSISTED TOILETS USE A
PRESSURIZED AIR CHAMBER TO FORCE WASTE THROUGH THE PIPES.
K. WATER HEATER
FOUND IN BASEMENTS OR UTILITY ROOMS, AND CONSIST OF A TANK THAT STORES AND
HEATS WATER. WATER HEATERS ARE CONNECTED TO A PLUMBING SYSTEM, AND PROVIDE HOT
WATER FOR SHOWERS, SINKS, AND APPLIANCES.

WATER HEATER DESIGNS CAN INCLUDE STORAGE TANK HEATERS, WHICH HAVE A TANK THAT
STORES AND HEATS A SUPPLY OF WATER; TANKLESS HEATERS, WHICH HEAT WATER ON
DEMAND WITHOUT THE NEED FOR A TANK; AND SOLAR HEATERS, WHICH USE ENERGY FROM
THE SUN TO HEAT WATER.
3. THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM

KEY PART OF PLUMBING SYSTEM THAT MIGHT CAUSE A COSTLY EMERGENCY

FOR REMOVAL LINES AND THE SEWAGE SYSTEM
ITS AN INTERCONNECTION OF PIPES FROM DIFFERENT PART OF THE HOUSE OF THE BUILDING THAT
LEADS ALL WATER AND WASTE MATERIALS TO MAIN SEWER LINE
TYPES OF FITTING MATERIALS IN PLUMBING SYSTEM

USED IN PLUMBING SYSTEM TO JOIN PIPES OF SAME SIZE OR DIFFERENT SIZES TO

REGULATE THE FLOW OR TO MEASURE THE FLOW.

 PIPE FITTING IS USED IN PLUMBING SYSTEM TO JOIN MULTIPLE PIPES OF SAME SIZE
OR DIFFERENT SIZES, TO REGULATE THE FLOW OR TO MEASURE THE FLOW. THEY ARE
MADE UP OF DIFFERENT MATERIALS LIKE COPPER, IRON, BRASS, PVC ETC.
1. ELBOW PIPE FITTING

USED TO CHANGE THE DIRECTION OF FLOW BETWEEN TWO PIPES

AVAILABLE WITH AN ANGLE OF 22.5 °, 45 °, AND 90 °
2. REDUCER PIPE
FITTING

REDUCES THE FLOW SIZE FROM LARGER TO SMALLER BY REDUCING SIZE OF PIPE.
2 TYPES:
1. CONCENTRIC- CONE SHAPE WITH GRADUAL DECREASING AROUND THE PIPE
2. ECCENTRIC- HAVING ONE EDGE PARALLEL TO CONNECTING PIPES DUE TO WHICH AIR
ACCUMULATION IS NOT POSSIBLE
3. TEE TYPE

T-SHAPE
HAVING ONE INLET AND TWO OUTLETS, OUTLETS ARE ARRANGED AT 90° TO THE MAIN LINE CONNECTION.
4. CROSS TYPE

CONTAINS 4 OPENINGS IN 4 DIRECTIONS

GENERATES MORE AMOUNT OF STRESS ON PIPES AS THE TEMPERATURE CHANGES
GENERALLY USED FOR FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM
5. COUPLING

USED TO CONNECT THE PIES OF THE SAME DIAMETER

TWO TYPES:
1. COMPRESSION- CONNECTED BETWEEN TWO PIPES AND IT PREVENT LEAKAGE BY THE
ARRANGEMENT OF GASKET OR RUBBER SEALS ON BOTH SIDES
2. SLIP- EASIER TO INSTALL AND IT CONTAINS TWO PIPES WHICH ARE ARRANGED AS ONE INTO
OTHER
6. UNIONS

SAME FUNCTION TO COUPLING BUT THIS CAN BE REMOVED WHENEVER NEEDED.

7. ADAPTORS

GENERALLY USED FOR COPPER AND PVC

ONE END OF ADAPTER IS PLAIN WHICH IS GLUED TO THE PLAIN PIPE END
9. OLET

USED WHEN THERE IS STANDARD SIZES OF FITTING ARE NOT SUITABLE FOR THE REQUIREMENT
SOMETIMES THE INLET PIPE SIZE IS LARGER COMPARED TO OUTLET PIPES IN T-SECTIONS THEN ALSO
OLETS ARE USED
10. PLUG

GENERALLY USED TO CLOSE PIPE OPENING DURING INSPECTION AND REPAIRS.

11. CAP

SAME FUNCTION WITH THE PLUG BUT CAP CONTAINS A FEMALE THREAD
12. VALVES
USED TO STOP OR REGULATE FLOW OF FLUID
TYPES:
1. GATE VALVE-USED FOR ISOLATION ONLY
2, GLOBE VALVE- USED FOR THROTTLING
3. CHECK VALVE- USED FOR PREVENTING REVERSE FLOW
4. BUTTERFLY- USED FOR ISOLATION AS WELL AS THROTTLING
5. DIAPHRAGM- USED FOR ISOLATION AS WELL AS THROTTLING
THANK YOU !!!!!!
GROUP NAMES:

PADUA, DON
SICANG, ELSIE MARIE
LANG-AY, EMILY
BADENG, MARK RENUEL
CABAY. MONROE
DOYOG, LEON