Unit 6- Equilibrium Content

Or photos
Le Châtelier’s Principle

www.ens.sch.ae
 Launch and Inquire: Establishing Purpose of the Unit
Title
IB learners strive to be:
 Inquirers : They develop their natural curiosity. They acquire the skills necessary to
conduct inquiry and research and show independence in learning. They actively enjoy
learning, and this love of learning will be sustained throughout their lives.
 Knowledgeable : They explore concepts, ideas and issues that have local and global
significance. In so doing, they acquire in depth knowledge and develop understanding across
a broad and balanced range of disciplines.
 Thinkers : They exercise initiative in applying thinking skills critically and creatively to
recognize and approach complex problems, and make reasoned, ethical decisions.
 Communicators : They understand and express ideas and information confidently and
creatively in more than one language and in a variety of modes of communication. They
work effectively and willingly in collaboration with others.
Learning Target(s): Unit 6 MYP introduction: GRASP task, summative etc.
 Establishing Purpose of the Unit

Key concept Related concept(s) Global context & Exploration

Systems Change, Models Globalization and sustainability:

Exploration: human impact on the environment

Statement of inquiry
CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING: Models demonstrate the change in a system.

STATEMENT OF INQUIRY: Humans can change and refine models of systems to have a positive impact on the environment.

Inquiry questions
Line of Inquiry: Students will understand how changing the components at the molecular level will impact the equilibrium in the reaction.
Factual— What is Change? What is an example of a change in a system?
Line of Inquiry: Students will apply information to produce an increase in amounts of products at equilibrium.
Conceptual— How does a change impact a system? How can models be used to show change in a system?
Line of Inquiry: Students will be able to refine how the design and model of a chemical process system can positively impact the environment.
Debatable— To what extent can human changes systems positively impact the environment?

Learning Target(s): Unit 6 MYP introduction: GRASP task, summative etc.

 Learning Target(s)
Title

•Discuss the factors that disturb equilibrium.

•Discuss conditions under which reactions go to completion.

•Use Le Chatelier's Principle to predict how changes in pressure,

concentration, and temperature affect systems.

 Key vocabulary:

Bricks: Mortar:
reversible reaction Apply
chemical equilibrium Describe
exothermic Explain
endothermic Interpret
catalyst Outline
rate of reaction State
Le Chatelier's Principle Formulate
Summarize
 Stress

• Something that causes a change in a system at equilibrium.

• Stress disrupt equilibriums. After the stress is applied, the equilibrium

has to readjust.

• This phenomenon was studied by the chemist Henri Le Châtelier.

Learning Target(s):Discuss the factors that disturb equilibrium
 Le Châtelier’s Principle

• The principle that states that a system in equilibrium will oppose a

change in a way that helps eliminate the change.
• In other words, either products or reactants will form to reach a new
equilibrium.
• Types of Stress:
• Changes in the concentration of reactants or products
• Changes in temperature
• Changes in pressure

Learning Target(s):Discuss conditions under which reactions go to completion

Le Châtelier’s Principle
1. System starts at equilibrium.
2. A change/stress is then made to system at
equilibrium.
• Change in concentration
• Change in volume
• Change in pressure
• Change in Temperature
• Add Catalyst
3. System responds by shifting to reactant or
product side to restore equilibrium.
 Le Châtelier’s Principle
If an external stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the
system adjusts in such a way that the stress is partially offset
as the system reaches a new equilibrium position.

• Changes in Concentration

N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) 2NH3 (g)

Equilibrium
Add
shifts left to
NH3
offset stress

14.5
 Le Châtelier’s Principle
• Changes in Concentration continued
Remove
Add Remove
Add

aA + bB cC + dD

Change Shifts the Equilibrium

Increase concentration of product(s) left
Decrease concentration of product(s) right
Increase concentration of reactant(s) right
Decrease concentration of reactant(s) left
14.5
 Changes in the concentration of reactants or products
The addition of more reactants will shift the equilibrium to make more products.
The addition of more products will shift the equilibrium to make more reactants.
• Changes in temperature:
• For exothermic reactions, increasing the temperature of an equilibrium mixture usually leads
to a shift to form more reactants.
• For endothermic reactions, increasing the temperature of an equilibrium mixture usually leads
to a shift to form more products.
• Why?
• Energy can either be a product or reactant
• In exothermic reactions
A+B C + D + energy
• In endothermic reactions
A + B + energy C+D
Learning Target(s):Use Le Chatelier's Principle to predict how changes in pressure, concentration, and temperature affect systems
 Le Châtelier’s Principle

• Changes in Temperature
Only factor that can change value of K

Change Exothermic Rx Endothermic Rx

Increase temperature K decreases K increases
Decrease temperature K increases K decreases

14.5
 Change in Pressure

• Mainly have an effect if there are gases present in the reaction.

• Increase in pressure will favor side of equation that has the smaller volume
(or fewer gas particles).
• Which side would be favored:
• 2NOCl (g) 2NO(g) + Cl2(g)
• H2O (g) + CO(g) H2(g) + CO2(g)

Le Châtelier's Principle Worksheet

Learning Target(s):Use Le Chatelier's Principle to predict how changes in pressure, concentration, and temperature affect systems
 Le Châtelier’s Principle
• Changes in Volume and Pressure
(Only a factor with gases)

A (g) + B (g) C (g)

Change Shifts the Equilibrium

Increase pressure Side with fewest moles of gas
Decrease pressure Side with most moles of gas
Increase volume Side with most moles of gas
Decrease volume Side with fewest moles of gas

14.5
Le Châtelier’s Principle

Chemistry; The Science

in Context;by Thomas
R. Gilbert, Rein V.
Kirss, and Geoffrey
Davies, Norton
Publisher, 2004, p 752
 Le Châtelier’s Principle

• Adding a Catalyst
• does not change K
• does not shift the position of an equilibrium system
• system will reach equilibrium sooner
 uncatalyzed catalyzed

Catalyst lowers Ea for both forward and reverse reactions.

Catalyst does not change equilibrium constant or shift equilibrium.

14.5
 Le Châtelier’s Principle

Change Equilibrium
Change Shift Equilibrium Constant
Concentration yes no
Pressure yes no
Volume yes no
Temperature yes yes
Catalyst no no

14.5
www.ens.sch.ae