School of Computing Science and Engineering

Course Code : E2UC202C Name: Object Oriented Programming

UNIT I
Introduction: Basic Terminology

Object oriented programming concepts

Name of the Faculty: Dr Akhilendra Khare Program Name : B.Tech(CSE)

 Objective

Objective of this lecture -

▪ Introduction to Programming
▪ Object Oriented Paradigm
▪ Basic of concepts of Object oriented programming
▪ Real life examples of OOP
 Object oriented programming concepts

What is Programming?
• COMPUTER PROGRAMMING is a step by step process of
designing and developing various sets of computer
programs to accomplish a specific computing outcome.
• The process comprises several tasks like analysis, coding,
algorithm generation, checking accuracy and resource
consumption of algorithms, etc.
• The purpose of computer programming is to find a
sequence of instructions that solve a specific problem on a
computer.
 Object oriented programming concepts

Types of Programming
There are two types of programming –

• Procedure-Oriented Programming

• Object Oriented Programming

 Object oriented programming concepts

Procedure-Oriented Programming
• In the procedure oriented approach, the problem is viewed as the sequence of
things to be done such as reading, calculating and printing such as cobol,
fortran and c. The primary focus is on functions.
• Languages used in Procedural Programming:
• FORTRAN, ALGOL, COBOL, BASIC, Pascal and C.
• Some Characteristics exhibited by procedure-oriented programming are:
• Emphasis is on doing things (algorithms).
• Large programs are divided into smaller programs known as functions.
• Most of the functions share global data.
• Data move openly around the system from function to function.
• Functions transform data from one form to another.
• Employs top-down approach in program design.
 Object oriented programming concepts

Object-Oriented Programming
• Object oriented programming can be defined as a programming model which is
based upon the concept of objects. Objects contain data in the form of
attributes and code in the form of methods.
• In object oriented programming, computer programs are designed using the
concept of objects that interact with real world.
• Object oriented programming languages are various but the most popular ones
are class-based, meaning that objects are instances of classes, which also
determine their types.
• Languages used in Object Oriented Programming:
• Java, C++, C#, Python, PHP, JavaScript, Ruby, Perl, Objective-C, Dart, Swift, Scala.
 Object oriented programming concepts

Features of object oriented programming

• Some of the features of object oriented programming are:
• Emphasis is on data rather than procedure.
• Programs are divided into what are known as objects.
• Data structures are designed such that they characterize the objects.
• Functions that operate on the data of an object are ties together in the data
structure.
• Data is hidden and cannot be accessed by external function.
• Objects may communicate with each other through function.
• New data and functions can be easily added whenever necessary.
• Follows bottom up approach in program design.
 Object oriented programming concepts

Why we use object oriented programming?

• OOP language allows to break the program into the bit-sized problems that can be solved easily
(one object at a time).
• The new technology promises greater programmer productivity, better quality of software and
lesser maintenance cost.
• It is possible that multiple instances of objects co-exist without any interference,
• The principle of data hiding helps the programmer to build secure programs which cannot be
invaded by the code in other parts of the program.
• By using inheritance, we can eliminate redundant code and extend the use of existing classes.
• Message passing techniques is used for communication between objects which makes the
interface descriptions with external systems much simpler.
• The data-centered design approach enables us to capture more details of model in an
implementable form.
 Summary

• Programming is giving a set of instructions to a computer to execute. If you’ve

ever cooked using a recipe before, you can think of yourself as the computer
and the recipe’s author as a programmer. The recipe author provides you with a
set of instructions which you read and then follow.
• Procedural Programming can be defined as a programming model which is
derived from structured programming, based upon the concept of calling
procedure.
• Object-oriented Programming is a programming language that uses classes and
objects to create models based on the real world environment. In OOPs it
makes it easy to maintain and modify existing code as new objects are created
inheriting characteristics from existing ones.

Program Name: B.Tech (CSE)

 Contact Information

Dr Akhilendra Khare
Akhilendra.khare@galgotiasuniversity.edu.in

Program Name: B.Tech (CSE)