CONSTELLATIONS

CONSTELLATIONS
- Are imaginary group of stars which can either
be in a form of animals, objects, and people.
CONSTELLATIONS
 STARS
- Are enormous glowing ball of hot gas.
- Are huge celestial bodies made mostly of hydrogen and
helium that produce light and heat from the churning
nuclear forges inside their cores.
- Aside from our sun, the dots of light we see in the sky are
all light-years away from Earth.
- They are the building blocks of galaxies, of which there
are billions in the universe.
- It’s impossible to know how many stars exist, but
astronomers estimate that in our Milky Way galaxy alone,
there are about 300 billion.
 STARS
- The Milky Way is the galaxy where our solar system
belongs.
- All the individual stars you see in the night sky are
members of our galaxy.
- An average person can only see only about 3,000 stars on
the average.
- The sun is the closest star to Earth as compared to some
other stars that we see at night.
- UY Scuti is the largest known star by radius.
- VY Canis Majoris is the biggest known star.
Star Comparison
Mind Blowing
 FACTS ABOUT THE STARS
1. How long will stars live?
Stars live (perhaps billions of years) as long
as their hydrogen is enough and does not runs
out. Hydrogen is the nuclear fuel of the star. If
a star runs out of Hydrogen, the star will
expand while the core contracts. The star now
begins to glow red.
 FACTS ABOUT THE STARS
2. Do they get old?

The star is considered old when it has

reached the red giant phase that eventually
explodes and turns into a dim, cool object.
 FACTS ABOUT THE STARS
2. Do they get old?

The star is considered old when it has

reached the red giant phase that eventually
explodes and turns into a dim, cool object.
VIDEO - LIFE CYCLE OF STAR
LIFE CYCLE OF STAR
 FACTS ABOUT THE STARS
3. Why do stars twinkle?
Do you know that stars do not twinkle?
They seem to twinkle when we see them from
the earth’s surface. The light of the stars is bent
or refracted as it travels through the thick layers
of the earth’s atmosphere. This bending of light
results in the twinkling of the stars.
 FACTS ABOUT THE STARS
4. Why do you not see stars in the daytime?
During daytime we cannot see any star other
than the Sun. Yes, our own sun is a star. This is the
nearest and brightest star to earth. This is the
only star we can see during the day. As the Sun
lights up the sky, more light is coming from the
sky than from the stars. But though you cannot
see other stars during the day, it does not mean
they are not there.
Types of Constellations
Types of Constellations
 36 Constellations
(Northern Hemisphere
 36 Constellations
(Northern Hemisphere
 36 Constellations
(Northern Hemisphere
 36 Constellations
(Northern Hemisphere
 36 Constellations
(Northern Hemisphere
 36 Constellations
(Northern Hemisphere
 36 Constellations
(Northern Hemisphere
 36 Constellations
(Northern Hemisphere
 36 Constellations
(Northern Hemisphere
 36 Constellations
(Northern Hemisphere
 OUTPUT NO. 2 TYPES OF CONSTELLATIONS
Direction: Draw at least ten (10) constellations in a ½ sheet
of black construction paper. Preferably use white ink or
liquid eraser in drawing and making the constellations.
a. Your zodiacal constellation (1)
b. Circumpolar constellation (1)
c. Spring constellations (2)
d. Winter Constellation (2)
d. Autumn constellations (2)
e. Summer constellations (2)
TYPES OF STARS
Morgan-Keenan System
TYPES OF STARS
TYPES OF STARS
 TYPES OF STARS
A. Main Sequence Stars
- A star in the stable part of its life cycle. They are the
most common type of star in the universe. They are
powered by the fusion of hydrogen into helium in
their cores.
 TYPES OF STARS
B. Giants and Super Giants -
- runs out of hydrogen, begins to burn its helium, its
core collapses and it gets hotter resulting in the outer
layer to expand outwards.
 TYPES OF STARS
C. Failed Stars
- celestial objects that do not have sufficient mass to
ignite and fuse hydrogen gas. Therefore, they do not
shine.
 TYPES OF STARS
D. Dead Stars
– no longer have fusion processes taking place in
their cores.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF STARS
A star can be defined by 5 basic characteristics:
1. Brightness
2. Color
3. Surface temperature
4. Size
5. Mass
 CHARACTERISTICS OF STARS
1. Brightness – is an attribute of visual perception in
which a source appears to be radiating or
reflecting light. It also refers to how much light
appears to shine from something.

Two characteristics define brightness:

A. Luminosity
B. Magnitude
 CHARACTERISTICS OF STARS
1. Brightness
A. Luminosity is the amount of light that a star
radiates. In Astronomy, Luminosity is defined as
the total amount of electromagnetic energy
emitted per unit of time by a star, galaxy, or other
astronomical objects.

 The size of the star and its surface temperature

determine its luminosity.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF STARS
1. Brightness
A. Luminosity
 CHARACTERISTICS OF STARS
B. Magnitude
A star’s magnitude refers
to its measure of brightness.

a. Absolute magnitude relates to the star’s intrinsic

brightness (luminosity). It is its true brightness
irrespective of its distance from earth. It is the actual
brightness.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF STARS
B. Magnitude
b. Apparent magnitude
measures how bright the
object appears in the night
sky to us human stargazers
back on Earth. Its perceived
brightness, factoring in size
and distance. It is the brightness of a star as seen
from Earth.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF STARS
B. Magnitude
 CHARACTERISTICS OF STARS
2. Color – A star color depends on its surface
temperature
 CHARACTERISTICS OF STARS
2. Color – A star color depends on its surface
temperature

11,000 – 28, 000

7,500 – 11,000
5,000 – 6,000

3,600 - 5,000
2,000 – 3,600
 CHARACTERISTICS OF STARS
3. Surface Temperature – Astronomers measure a star's
temperature on the Kelvin scale. Zero degrees on the Kelvin scale
is theoretically absolute and is equal to -273.15 degrees Celsius.
The coolest, reddest stars are approximately 2,500 K, while the
hottest stars can reach 50,000 K. Our sun is about 5,778 K.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF STARS
4. Mass - Stellar mass is a phrase that is used by
astronomers to describe the mass of a star.
Stellar mass is measured in terms of our own sun, with 1
equal to the size of our sun. For instance, Rigel, which is
much larger than our sun, has a mass of 3.5 solar
masses. Two stars of a similar size may not necessarily
have the same mass, as stars can vary greatly in density.
It is usually enumerated in terms of the Sun's mass as a
proportion of a solar mass (M☉)
 CHARACTERISTICS OF STARS
4. Stellar Mass -
 CHARACTERISTICS OF STARS
5. Size - Astronomers measure the size of a given star in
terms of our own sun's radius. Thus, a star that measure
1 solar radius would be the same size as our sun. The
star Rigel, which is much larger than our sun, measures
78 solar radii. A star's size, along with its surface
temperature, will determine its luminosity.
4. Size CHARACTERISTICS OF STARS
 CHARACTERISTICS OF STARS
4. Size
 CHARACTERISTICS OF STARS
4. Size
 CHARACTERISTICS OF STARS
4. Size
 CONSTELLATIONS
4. Size