FCAI SOHAG UNIVERSITY

4TH YEAR
Computer Science
GAS LEAKING
DETECTION
-- Embedded system --
Gas Detector Prototype
 Name Role

‫محمد طارق سيد‬ Database

‫عبدالرحمن محمد الورداني‬ Arduino circuit & Programming

‫محمد سعيد حسين‬ Backend

‫رمضان العوضي علي‬ UI/UX Designer & Arduino circuit

‫سحر علي فاروق‬ Backend

‫نهله محمد اسماعيل‬ Application

‫عمر محمد أحمد‬ Arduino circuit & Programming

‫محمد حشمت هديه‬ UI/UX Designer

 CONTENTS
1. Abbreviation...........................................................................8
2. Abstract........................................................................................9
3. Introduction .......................................................................................10
4. Problem Definition .................................................................................11
5. Issues..............................................................................................................12
6. Objectives.............................................................................................................13
7. Requirements............................................................................................................14
8. Constraints.....................................................................................................................15
9. Project Analysis ..................................................................................................................16
10. SDLC waterfall breakdown.........................................................................................................17
11. Project Tools ................................................................................................................................18
12. Use Case Scenario ..........................................................................................................................19-20
13. Analysis Diagrams Types ..........................................................................................................................21
1. Use case Diagram ...........................................................................................22
2. Flow Diagram ..................................................................................................23
3. Entity-Relation Diagram ..................................................................................24
4. Activity Diagram ..............................................................................................25
5. Sequence Diagram ..........................................................................................26
6. System Design .................................................................................................27
7. Circuit ..............................................................................................................28
8. Arduino code 28-..............................................................................................29-33
9. Conclusion and discussion ...............................................................................34
• Bibliography ...................................................................................................
 ABBREVIATION
• SDLC Software Development Life Cycle
• APL Arduino Programming Language
• CNG Compressed Natural Gases
• IoT Internet of Things
• DFD Data Flow Diagram
 ABSTRACT
Gas leaks pose a serious threat to the safety and well’being of individuals and integrated
systems.Gas leakage is a major problem both in industrial sector and residential premises.
Presently, home security has become a major concern due to increasing gas leakage. Gas
leakage is a source of great anxiety in industrial, residential areas and vehicles like
compressed Natrual Gas(CNG), buses, and cars which are run on gaspower. One of the
precautionary approaches to stop accidents associated with the gas leakage device at
vulnerable places. This paper is to implement and discuss a design of a gas leakage
detector system with alert system that can automatically detect and alert gas leakage. This
proposed system also includes a notifying system for the users. This is a sensor based
device that easily detects a leakage .
 INTRODUCTION
This journal is an implementation of gas detection system using IoT. This unit
gas detection system with alert system detect all gases . This detector unit can
detect leaks in cars, industrial sectors and residential areas using an ideal sensor
. The sensor used in this research has both admirable sensitivity and rapid
response time. The output of sensor goes into alerted mode as soon as the
sensor senses any gas leakage. This is used by embedded system and other
sophisticated gadgets to alert people around the perimeter or the owners who
do not want substancial loss or even loss .
 Problem Definition
Gas leakages are a common problem in homes and industries. If not detected
and corrected at the right time, it can cause lots of lives and properties.
Potentially deadly carbon monoxide is also very dangerous to life. A leakage of
natural gas can be dangerous because it increases the risk of fire or explosion.
Local gas companies work hard to provide adequate warning in the event of a
gass leak. Because methane and natural gas doesnot have any odour, the gas
company adds a warning a ‘’rotten-egg’’ smell(mercaptan or a similar sulfur-
based compound) that can be easily detected by most people. However, people
who have a diminshed sense of smell may not be able to rely upon this safety
mechanism. Also the leak might occur at a time when no one is in the perimeter
which increases the risk of an explosion .
 ISSUES DANGERS
ISSUE WEIGHT

• natural gas leak • 7

• cars leak • 7
• industrial leak • 9
• cost saving • 6
• customization • 6
• remote accessbility • 8
• real-time monotiring • 8
• earling warnings • 9
• data analysis • 7
• scalability • 6
• energy effciency • 5
 OBJECTIVES
• Gas Leak Detection: IoT system based provides a way to detect hazardous or harmful gases .
• Cost saving: As quick detection can lead to rapid action to save money from damages and maintance repair.
• Customization: Organizations can customize the system to meet their specific needs and requirements .
• Remote Accessibility: Monitor the system remotely through web interfaces or mobile apps .
• Real-time Monitoring: Provies real-time monitoring, allowing for rapid response to gas leaks or hazardous
conditions .
• Earling Warnings: Trigger alerts and notifications when gas levels exceed safe thresholds, allowing for quick
response and preventing accidents.
• Data analysis: IoT platforms enable data analytics, helping organizations detect patterns and make informed
decisions to improve safety and efficiency .
• Scalability: IoT systems are easily scalable, allowing organizations to add or lecoate sensors as needed to
adapt to changing environments.
• Energy Efficiency: Optimizing ventilation & HVAC systems based on real-time gas data can improve energy
efficiency and reduce operations costs.
 REQUIREMENTS

sensors Sensors must be installed in the areas which they are to monitor .

Orientation Sensors directions must be towards their targets .

Control System After installing sensors, it’s vital to get all of them hooked up to your central control system

Testing Initial testing is imperative to knowing your system is working properly .

Alarms It needs to be plugged into the central control system, so that it will make sound as
dangerous leak is detected .
 CONSTRAINTS

Costs It involves significant upfront costs for sensors infrastructure and cloud services .

Data security Transmitting data to the cloud or over internet may raise concerns about data security .

Data overload Collecting large volumes of data can lead to overload, as it a challenge to extract insights .

Initial setup Initial setup and configuration of system can be time-consuming and require knowledge .

Maintance Regular maintance is required to ensure accuracy and reliability of gas sensors .
WATER FALL(SDLC)
FEASIBILITY
STUDY
REQUIREMENT
ANALYSIS
PROJECT ANALYSIS
DESIGN
CODING & UNIT
TESTING
INTEGRATION &
SYSTEM TESTING
Deployment MAINTANCE

• Gas detection system using IoT. This unit gas detection system with
alert system detect all gases . This detector unit can detect leaks in
cars, industrial sectors and residential areas using an ideal sensor .

• Using Software development life cycle(SDLC) waterfall method we can design the required IoT
system:
Feasibility Study Requirements Design Coding Testing Deployment Maintance

SDLC WATER METHOD BREAKDOWN

Develop deployment plans & Perform software updates & bug
Define project Develop embedded software for Integrate hardware & software documentation fixes
objectives Conduct industries IoT hardware components IoT devices components
requirements

Install IoT devices & infrastructure Monitor system health & security
Develop user interface(web or
mobile)
Develop project plan
Perform system integration &
performance testing
Integrate sensors and
components
Configure & optimize the system
Periodically review & enhance
Perform software testing and system system performance
debugging
Allocate resources

IResolve integration issures Monitor system performance &

stability
Collect & sore data in database

test and validate hardware

Monitor & control components Ensure compliance with
progress standards
Create real-time monitor & report
system
 LCD DISPLAY
ARDUINO
APL
BREADBOARD

Buzzer
&
wifi module

SENSORS
LEDS
OHM RESISTORS
JUMPER WIRES
 Use case name Gas leak

Area Industrial facilities, Houses, Cars & places with high probability of gas leaking
Actor(s) System, system’s programmer, Authorities
Description Implement and discuss a design of a gas leakage detector system with alert system that can automatically
detect and alert gas leakage.
Trigger Event Detection and alert of gas leakage.

Trigger Type External

Precondition Gas leak occurs

Postcondition Alert & quick remedy to danger

Assumptions Hardware & software fully functional & quick remedy to event

Success Gurantee Detected successfully, no false alarms or hardware/software errors & send alarm for quick remedy & logging
events in a log system(Database) for future prevention .

Minimum Detection & logging some of different gases leakage occurence .

Gurantee

Issue Different and numerous gas leakage

 Steps Performed (Main Path) Information for steps

• System login through web for storing Leakage analysis and  Web user registeration
causes for every industrial system

• Maintance team records and information of session is  Web Database

registered

• New Database is created  System automatically

• System emerge Databases together to create high value  System automatically

analysis

• Gas leak detection  Embedded System hardware

• System notifies the leaks through Internet or alarm system  Sensors and alarm systems

• System sends details of the gas leak and the place of the  Web, SMS or Alarm Systems
leak
 Analysis Diagrams

• Use Case Diagram

• Data Flow Diagram
• Entity-Relationship Diagram
• Activity Diagram
• Sequence Diagram
• System Diagram
 Use case Diagram
Access
Access setting measurements
history

HIstory
Database
Login
Admin Account

Database
analysis
Programming
interface for Generate
upgrade system
notification

extend

Alert message
LCD VISION
Emergency

de
Part

inclu
Send data to Arduino Check leak inc
lud
e
mobile status
Emit beep alert
include
 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM
Yourdon & Demarco type

Call user
Alert

log in Web
interface & Emergency
Admin Alerting Server Arduino/Detector Leakage
system individual

store reading
Information processing
Database Readings
analysis
 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM
Passwor
d Alert
Login
Detect
s
Leakage
Web interface
Username
Does & Alerting
Connec
t Server
system

Connec
Messag t Arduino/Detector
e on
Admin mobile
Fixes

Readings
See
LCD Sensor Power supply Emergency
Date individual
Time Database
analysis
Device Analyze
Location Data Sound
ID
 ACIVITY DIAGRAM
Start
Call user
Alert

Admin
Arduino/Detector Leakage
Emergency
individual
log in

Web Readings
interface Server End
& Alerting
system

store reading Information processing

Database
analysis
 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM

Admin Servers Sensors Arduino Alert System Emergency Actor

Connects

Access servers Asks for reading

Logs in database
read/Sends value

Process Data

Logs in Database

Alert
If gas leak

Silence
Else
 SYSTEM DESIGN
LCD Alarm LED

Arduino

Sensor Relay Network Module

Circuit
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(2,3,4,5,6,7); Arduino code
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>

SoftwareSerial mySerial(9,
10);

// smoke / gas sensor

connected with analog pin A1
of the arduino / mega.

int gasValue = A0;

int data = 0;
int buzzer = 13;
int G_led = 8; // choose the
pin for the Green LED
int R_led = 9; // choose the
pin for the Red Led
void setup()
{
pinMode(buzzer,OUTPUT);
pinMode(R_led,OUTPUT); // declare Red LED as output
pinMode(G_led,OUTPUT); // declare Green LED as output
randomSeed(analogRead(0));
mySerial.begin(9600); // Setting the baud rate of GSM Module
Serial.begin(9600); // Setting the baud rate of Serial Monitor (Arduino)
lcd.begin(16,2);
pinMode(gasValue, INPUT);
lcd.print (" Gas Leakage ");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print (" Detector Alarm ");
delay(3000);
lcd.clear();
}
void loop()
{

data = analogRead(gasValue);
Serial.print("Gas Level: ");
Serial.println(data);
lcd.print ("Gas Scan is ON");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Gas Level: ");
lcd.print(data);
delay(1000);

if ( data > 90) //

{
digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH);
digitalWrite(R_led, HIGH); // Turn LED on.
digitalWrite(G_led, LOW); // Turn LED off.
SendMessage();
Serial.print("Gas detect alarm");
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Gas Level Exceed");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("SMS Sent");

delay(1000);

}
else
{
digitalWrite(buzzer, LOW);
digitalWrite(R_led, LOW); // Turn LED off.
digitalWrite(G_led, HIGH); // Turn LED on.
Serial.print("Gas Level Low");
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Gas Level Normal");

delay(1000);
}

lcd.clear();
}
void SendMessage()
{
Serial.println("I am in send");
mySerial.println("AT+CMGF=1"); //Sets the GSM Module in Text Mode
delay(1000); // Delay of 1000 milli seconds or 1 second
mySerial.println("AT+CMGS=\\"+91xxxxxxxxxx\\"\
"); // Replace x with mobile number
delay(1000);
mySerial.println("Excess Gas Detected.");// The SMS text you want to send
mySerial.println(data);
delay(100);
mySerial.println((char)26);// ASCII code of CTRL+Z
delay(1000);
}
 SUMMARY
Gas leakage has resulted in severe hazards, with numerous fire accidents in hotels, restaurants, and
homes cause by LPG gas leaks. Despite the gas’s smell being an indication of leakage, it may not
always be detectable. As a result, it is advisable to install an LPG gas leakage detector in hotels,
restaurants, and homes. A gas detector is a safety system an can detect gas leaks and other
emissions. mThe gas detector can connect to a control system. which can automatically stop a
process if necessary. In case of a gas leak, the gas detector can alert operators in the area by
sounding an alarm, allowing them to evacuate. The importance of this device lies in the fact that
various gases can pose a threat to living organisms, including humans and animals. Gas detectors
can detect flammable, combustilbe, toxic gases, and oxygen depletion. The reason for creating this
device is to provide an early warning of a gas leak before it can cause harm to human lie. mthere
have been many instances of gas leaks and explosions resulting in loss of life, hence the necessity of
gas detectors .