Seismic Design 1

S. K.
Ghosh Associates LLC

International Code Council (ICC)
Seismic Design Provisions of

BNBC-2020: Part 1
Date: 25 May 2021
Dr. S. K. Ghosh
President, S. K. Ghosh Associates LLC
URP S-09 Training

Module S5
Earthquakes and Their

Effects on Structures
Date: 06 APR 2021
Dr. S. K. Ghosh
President, S. K. Ghosh Associates LLC
URP S-09 Training

Module G4
www.skghoshassociates.com 1
S. K. Ghosh Associates LLC
Inertia Force
Inertia Force
u
Roof
Column
Foundation
Soil
Acceleration
Inertia force and relative motion within a building
Inertia Force
m m
−müg(t)
=
üg(t) FIXED BASE
Inertia Force
In some circumstances, dynamic amplification (due to near-
resonance) can increase the building acceleration to a value two
or more times that of the ground acceleration at the base.
Generally, buildings with higher natural frequencies or short
natural periods tend to suffer higher accelerations but smaller
displacements.
In the case of buildings with lower natural frequencies or long
natural periods, this is reversed and the buildings experience
lower accelerations but larger displacements.
Load Paths
Seismic forces
concentrated at Compression Tension
roof and floor chord chord
diaphragms
Response of
Diaphragm shear forces at each end
Concrete
Buildings to
of diaphragm are transferred to the
collector beam and the shear wall
Collector beam accumulates diaphragm

Seismic
shear and transfers it to the end of the
shear wall Forces
Bending moment
Compression Seismic forces tend to push the shear wall
Tension
over causing an overturning moment
The overturning moment causes Shear force
tension and compression boundary
forces in the shear wall Passive pressure
Shear forces are transferred to the earth by friction

Friction
on the bottom of footings and by passive pressure on
the sides of footings
Forces from gravity loads and seismic overturning

forces are transferred to the earth by vertical contact
pressures beneath the footing
Variable foundation
contact pressure
Load Paths
From point of load application or origin

down to soil underlying foundation:
Preferably,
 Direct (simple configuration)
 Multiple (redundancy)
Idealized Force-Displacement
Elastic
Fu
Elastic Inelastic
Fe
e u
Lateral Displacement
ASCE 7- 05
10
Important Reference to ASCE 7-02

7. Equivalent Static Analysis
1. Design base shear
Alternatively, for buildings with natural period less than or equal to 2.0 sec., the seismic
design base shear can be calculated using ASCE 7−02 with seismic design parameters as
given in Appendix C. However, the minimum value of S a should not be less than 0.044
SDSI. The values of SDS are provided in Table 6.C.4 Appendix C.
Seismic Design Provisions

BNBC-2020
Part 6, Chapter 2, Loads on Buildings and Structures
Section 2.5, Earthquake Loads Section
2.7, Combinations of Loads
Appendix C, Seismic Design Parameters for Alternative Method of
Base Shear Calculation
Chapters 11-23 0f ASCE 7-05 onwards

Section 1613 of 2006 IBC onwards
Detailing Rules in BNBC-2020
Part 6, Chapter 8, Detailing of Reinforcement in

Concrete Structures
Section 8.3, Earthquake-Resistant Design
Provisions
2.5.2 Earthquake Resistant Design –

Basic Concepts
2.5.2.1 General principles
The purpose of earthquake resistant design provisions in this Code is to

provide guidelines for the design and construction of new structures
subject to earthquake ground motions in order to minimize the risk to life
for all structures, to increase the expected performance of higher
occupancy structures as compared to ordinary structures, and to improve
the capability of essential structures to function after an earthquake. It is
not economically feasible to design and construct buildings without any
damage for a major earthquake event. The intent is therefore to allow
inelastic deformation and structural damage at preferred locations in the
structure without endangering structural integrity and to prevent
structural collapse during a major earthquake.

Basic Concepts
2.5.2.2 Characteristics of Earthquake Resistant Buildings
The desirable characteristics of earthquake resistant buildings are

described below:
Structural Simplicity, Uniformity and Symmetry:
Structural simplicity, uniformity and plan symmetry is characterized by an even

distribution of mass and structural elements which allows short and direct
transmission of the inertia forces created in the distributed masses of the
building to its foundation. A building configuration with symmetrical layout of
structural elements of the lateral force resisting system, and well-distributed in-
plan, is desirable. Uniformity along the height of the building is also important,
since it tends to eliminate the occurrence of sensitive zones where concentrations
of stress or large ductility demands might cause premature collapse.

Basic Concepts
Some basic guidelines are given below:
(i)With respect to the lateral stiffness and mass distribution, the
building structure shall be approximately symmetrical in plan with
respect to two orthogonal axes.
(ii)Both the lateral stiffness and the mass of the individual storeys
shall remain constant or reduce gradually, without abrupt changes,
from the base to the top of a particular building.
(iii)All structural elements of the lateral load resisting systems,
such as cores, structural walls, or frames shall run without
interruption from the foundations to the top of the building.

Basic Concepts
Some basic guidelines are given below:
(iv) An irregular building may be subdivided into dynamically
independent regular units well separated against pounding of the
individual units to achieve uniformity.
(v) The length to breadth ratio ( = min) of the building in
max/
plan shall not be higher than 4, where max and min are
respectively the larger and smaller in plan dimension of the
building, measured in orthogonal directions.
PART 1
SEISMIC INPUT PARAMETERS
ASCE 7-05, BNBC-2020

2.5.4 Earthquake Ground Motion
Appendix C Seismic Design Parameters for Alternative
Method of Base Shear Calculation
Appendix C is closer to ASCE 7-05 than 2.5.4
Both use seismic zones and the same Seismic Zone Map
(Fig. 6.2.24)
Both approaches yield the same design base shear.
ASCE 7-05 Figure 11.4-1:

Design Response Spectrum
BNBC-2020 Fig. 6.2.25: MCE Response

Spectrum

ASCE
BNBC- 7-05
2020
T0 TB
TS TC
TL TD
Design Ground Motion (ASCE 7-05)

 SS = mapped (MCE) spectral response acceleration at
short periods for Site Class B
 S1 = mapped (MCE) spectral response acceleration at 1.0-
second period for Site Class B
 ASCE 7-05 Figs. 22-1 through 22-14/ 2006 IBC Figs.
1613.5(1) through 1613.5(14) give contour maps for
SS and S1, based on the 2002 edition of USGS seismic
hazard maps
 SS and S1 also available at http://eqhazmaps.usgs.gov
BNBC-2020 Table 6.C.1: Parameters SS

and S1 for Different Seismic Zones
Parameters Zone-1 Zone-2 Zone-3 Zone-4
SS 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9
S1 0.12 0.2 0.28 0.36
S1 = 0.4SS, not independent of SS, as in ASCE 7-05

S1 = MCE-level PGA = Z, Seismic Zone Coefficient
Table 6.2.15: Seismic Zone Coefficient Z for

Some Important Towns of Bangladesh
ASCE 7-05 Design Ground Motion

Site Class (Soil Type) Definitions (ASCE 7-05 Table 20.3-1,
BNBC-2020 Table 6.2.13)
• Class A: Hard rock SA in BNBC “Benchmark” Soil Type in BNBC-
2020
• Class B: Rock SB in BNBC “Benchmark” Site Class in ASCE 7-05
• Class C: Very dense soil and soft rock SC in BNBC
• Class D: Stiff soil SD in BNBC
• Class E: Soft soil SE in BNBC
• Class F: Soils requiring site-specific evaluations S1, S2
in BNBC
2006 IBC 1613.5.2 “Default” Site Class
Site Class D must be used when the soil properties are not
known in sufficient detail, unless the building official
determines that Site Class E or F is likely to be present at
the site.
Have not found equivalent statement in BNBC-2020.
ASCE 7-05 Table 11.4-1

Coefficient F aa
Values of Site
Mapped Spectral Response Acc. at Short Periods
Site Class
SS  0.25 SS = 0.5 SS = 0.75 SS = 1.00 SS  1.25
A 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
B 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
C 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0
D 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.0
E 2.5 1.7 1.2 0.9 0.9
F Note b Note b Note b Note b Note b
ASCE 7-05 Table 11.4-1 Values of Site

Coefficient F aa
a. Use straight line interpolation for intermediate
values of mapped spectral acceleration at short
period SS
b. Values shall be determined in accordance with

Section 11.4.7 of ASCE 7

Coefficient F va
Mapped Spectral Response Acc. at 1-Second Period

Site Class
S1  0.1 S1 = 0.2 S1 = 0.3 S1 = 0.4
S1  0.5
A 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
B 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
C 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3
D 2.4 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.5
E 3.5 3.2 2.8 2.4 2.4
F Note b Note b Note b Note b Note b

Coefficient F va
a. Use straight line interpolation for intermediate
values of mapped spectral acceleration at 1 second
period S1
b. Values shall be determined in accordance with

Section 11.4.7 of ASCE 7
BNBC-2020 Table 6.C.2: Coefficient Fa for

Different Seismic Zones and Soil Types
Soil Type Zone-1 Zone-2 Zone-3 Zone-4
SA 1 1 1 1
SB 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2
SC 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15
SD 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35
SE 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4
Fa = S, dependent only on Site Class, no

dependence on Zone or intensity of ground
mtion
BNBC-2020 Table 6.C.3: Coefficient Fv for

Soil Type Zone-1 Zone-2 Zone-3 Zone-4 Fv/Fa
SA 1 1 1 1 1
SB 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.25
SC 1.725 1.725 1.725 1.725 1.5
SD 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2
SE 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.25
Table 6.2.16: Site Dependent Soil Factor

and Other Parameters Defining Elastic
Response Spectrum
ASCE 7-05 Design Ground Motion
 SMS = soil-modified MCE spectral response

acceleration at short periods
= FaSS
 SM1 = soil-modified MCE spectral response

acceleration at 1.0-second period
= FvS1
ASCE 7-05 Ground Motion
 SDS = design spectral response acceleration at

short periods
= (2/3) SMS
 SD1 = design spectral response acceleration at 1.0-

second period
= (2/3) SM1
BNBC-2020 Table 6.C.4: Parameter DS for


SA 0.2 0.333 0.466 0.6
SB 0.24 0.4 0.56 0.72
SC 0.23 0.383 0.536 0.69
SD 0.27 0.45 0.63 0.81
SE 0.28 0.466 0.653 0.84
BNBC-2020 Table 6.C.5: Parameter

D 1 for Different Seismic Zones and Soil
Types
SA 0.08 0.133 0.186 0.24
SB 0.12 0.2 0.28 0.36
SC 0.138 0.23 0.322 0.414
SD 0.216 0.36 0.504 0.648
SE 0.14 0.233 0.326 0.42
SD1 = SDS x 0.4 x Fv/Fa
1997 UBC Design Earthquake Ground

Motion
Approximately 90% probability of non-exceedance in
50 years (approx. 475 yr. return period)
Design Basis: ASCE 7-05 vs. UBC
Design to avoid collapse

in the Maximum
Considered Earthquake,
rather than to provide
life safety in the 500-
year return period
earthquake
Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE)

• Maximum level of earthquake ground shaking that is
considered reasonable to design buildings to
resist
Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE):

• Maximum Deterministic earthquakes (in coastal California)-
best estimate of ground motion from maximum-magnitude
earthquakes on seismic faults with high probabilities of
occurrence.
ACE 7-05 Ground Motion
Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE)

• 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years
(approximately 2,500-year return period) where
deterministic approach is not used

TL Map of Contiguous USA

Spectrum
BNBC- ASCE
2020 7-05
TB T0
TC TS
TD TL
Tc = TS = SD1/SDS
TD = 2s, fixed unlike TL
TB (>)T0 = 0.20TS = 0.20TC;
unclear how values were arrived at.

Spectrum

Response Spectrum
BNBC Design Response Spectrum
Soil Type T B (s) T C (s) T D (s) ASCE 7

SA 0.15 0.40 2.0
TS (TC) = SD1/SDS
SB 0.15 0.50 2.0
SC 0.20 0.60 2.0 T0 (TB) = 0.2TS
SD 0.20 0.80 2.0
TL (TD) given on
SE 0.15 0.50 2.0
map
Figure 6.2.26 Normalized MCE

Response Spectra for Different Site
Classes.
BNBC-2020 Table 6.C.1: Parameters SS

and S1 for Different Seismic Zones
Parameters Zone-1 Zone-2 Zone-3 Zone-4
SS 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9
S1 0.12 0.2 0.28 0.36
BNBC-2020 Table 6.C.2: Coefficient Fa for


SA 1 1 1 1
SB 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2
SC 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15
SD 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35
SE 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4
BNBC-2020 Table 6.C.3: Coefficient Fv for


SA 1 1 1 1
SB 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
SC 1.725 1.725 1.725 1.725
SD 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7
SE 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75

DS for Different Seismic Zones and Soil
Types
SA 0.2 0.333 0.466 0.6
SB 0.24 0.4 0.56 0.72
SC 0.23 0.383 0.536 0.69
SD 0.27 0.45 0.63 0.81
SE 0.28 0.466 0.653 0.84

D 1 for Different Seismic Zones and Soil
Types
SA 0.08 0.133 0.186 0.24
SB 0.12 0.2 0.28 0.36
SC 0.138 0.23 0.322 0.414
SD 0.216 0.36 0.504 0.648
SE 0.14 0.233 0.326 0.42
PART 2 SEISMIC
ZONE VS.
SEISMIC
DESIGN
CATEGORY
UBC Seismic Zones
Table 6.1.1 Building Occupancy

Category
Occupancy Occupancy
Category
Structures with low hazard to human life in the event of I
failure
Standard occupancies II
Structures with substantial hazard to human life or economy in III
the event of failure.
Designated essential facilities; utilities required for essential
facilities; designated aviation-related structures; and structures IV
containing highly toxic materials
See BNBC−2020 Table 6.1.1 for detailed

descriptions
SDC Based on Short-Period Response

Acceleration – ASCE 7-05
OCCUPANCY CATEGORY
Values of SDS
I or II III IV
SDS < 0.167 A A A
0.167 < SDS < 0.33 B B C
0.33 < SDS < 0.50 C C D
0.50 < SDS Da Da Da
No SDC A in Bangladesh
SDC Based on 1-sec Period Response

Acceleration – ASCE 7-05
OCCUPANCY CATEGORY
Values of SD1
I or II III IV
SD1 < 0.067 A A A
0.067 < SD1 < 0.133 B B C
0.133 < SD1 < 0.20 C C D
0.20 < SD1 Da Da Da
No SDC A in Bangladesh
SDC of IBC
(Note a)
OCCUPANCY CATEGORY
Value of S1
I or II III IV
S1  0.75g E E
F
No SDC E, F in Bangladesh
SDC of BNBC-2020
Soil OC I, II, and III OC IV

Type Z1 Z2 Z3 Z4 Z1 Z2 Z3 Z4
SA B C C D C D D D
SB B C D D C D D D
SC B C D D C D D D
SD C D D D D D D D
SE,S1,
D D D D D D D D
S2
PART 3
BUILDING CONFIGURATION
Building Configuration
Horizontal Irregularities (ASCE 7-05 Table 12.3-1)

1a. Torsional irregularity
1b. Extreme torsional irregularity
2. Re-entrant corners
3. Diaphragm discontinuity
4. Out-of-plane offsets
5. Nonparallel systems
2.5.5.3 Building Irregularity

2.5.5.3.1 Plan irregularity: Following are the different types of irregularities that may
exist in the plan of a building.
(i) Torsion irregularity
To be considered for rigid floor diaphragms, when the maximum storey drift (Δmax) as
shown in Figure 6.2.27(a), computed including accidental torsion, at one end of the
structure is more than 1.2 times the average [Δavg=(Δmax+Δmin)/2] of the story drifts at the
two ends of the structure. If Δmax>1.4Δavg then the irregularity is termed as extreme torsional
irregularity.
(ii) Re-entrant corners
Both projections of the structure beyond a re-entrant comer [Figure 6.2.27(b)] are greater
than 15 percent of its plan dimension in the given direction.
2.5.5.3.1 Plan Irregularity

(iii) Diaphragm Discontinuity
Diaphragms with abrupt discontinuities or variations in stiffness, including those having

cut−out [Figure 6.2.27(c)] or open areas greater than 50 percent of the gross enclosed
diaphragm area, or changes in effective diaphragm stiffness of more than 50 percent
from one story to the next.
(iv) Out- of-Plane Offsets
Discontinuities in a lateral force resistance path, such as out of-plane offsets of vertical
elements, as shown in Figure 6.2.27(d).
(v) Non-parallel Systems
The vertical elements resisting the lateral force are not parallel to or symmetric [Figure
6.2.27(e)] about the major orthogonal axes of the lateral force resisting elements.
Vertical Irregularities (ASCE 7-05
Table 12.3-2)
1a. Stiffness irregularity –
soft story
1b. Extreme soft story
2. Weight (mass)
irregularity
3. Vertical geometric
irregularity
4. In-plane discontinuity in vertical
lateral-force-resisting
elements
5a. Discontinuity in lateral strength –
weak story
5b. Extreme weak story
2.5.5.3 Building Irregularity

2.5.5.3.2 Vertical Irregularity: Following are different types of irregularities that may
exist along vertical elevations of a building.
(i) Stiffness Irregularity - Soft Storey
A soft storey is one in which the lateral stiffness is less than 70% of that in the storey
above or less than 80% of the average lateral stiffness of the three storeys above
irregularity [Figure 6.2.28(a)]. An extreme soft storey is defined where its lateral stiffness
is less than 60% of that in the storey above or less than 70% of the average lateral stiffness
of the three storeys above.
(ii) Mass Irregularity
The seismic weight of any storey is more than twice of that of its adjacent storeys [Figure
6.2.28(b)]. This irregularity need not be considered in case of roofs.
2.5.5.3.2 Vertical Irregularity

(iii) Vertical Geometric Irregularity
This irregularity exists for buildings with setbacks with dimensions given in Figure
6.2.28(c).
(iv) Vertical In-Plane Discontinuity in Vertical Elements Resisting Lateral Force
An in-plane offset of the lateral force resisting elements greater than the length of those
elements Figure 6.2.28(d).
(v) Discontinuity in Capacity - Weak Story
A weak story is one in which the story lateral strength is less than 80% of that in the story
above. The story lateral strength is the total strength of all seismic force resisting elements
sharing the story shear in the considered direction [Figure 6.2.28(e)]. An extreme weak
story is one where the storey lateral strength is less than 65% of that in the story above.
Detailed discussion is included in Part 2 of this

presentation
PART 4
METHODS OF ANALYSIS
ASCE 7-05 12.6 Analysis Procedure

Selection
 Simplified Analysis [12.14, not in BNBC-2020]

 Equivalent Lateral Force Method [12.8, 2.5.7]
 Modal Response Spectrum Analysis [12.9, 2.5.9]
 Linear Response History Procedure [Ch. 16, 2.5.10]
 Nonlinear Response History Procedure [Ch. 16, 2.5.11]
ASCE 7-05 Table 12.6-1 Permitted

Analytical Procedures
Permitted Analytical Procedures – BNBC-

2020 Section 2.5.6
ELF is allowed provided both of the following
conditions are satisfies:
(a)The building period in the two main horizontal
directions is smaller than both 4TC (TC is defined in Sec
2.5.4.3) and 2 seconds.
(b)The building does not possess irregularity in
elevation as defined in Sec 2.5.5.3.
PART 5
EQUIVALENT LATERAL FORCE

PROCEDURE
ASCE 7-05 12.8 Computation of Base

Shear
V  CsW
CS = Seismic Response Coefficient
W = Effective Seismic Weight of Building
ASCE 7-05 12.7.2 Effective Seismic Weight, W
 W = Total Dead Load and

Applicable Portions of Other Loads
 25% of storage live load
(2 exceptions)
 Minimum 10 psf (0.5 kN/m2)
partition load
 Weight of permanent
equipment
 20% of uniform design snow load

where flat roof snow load
exceeds 30 psf (1.5 kN/m2)
 Weight of landscaping and roof

gardens
2.5.7.3 Seismic Weight, W

Seismic weight, W, is the total dead load of a building or a structure,
including partition walls, and applicable portions of other imposed loads listed
below:
(a) For live load up to and including 3 kN/m2, a minimum of 25 percent of the
live load shall be applicable.
(b)For live load above 3 kN/m2, a minimum of 50 percent of the live load
shall be applicable.
(c)Total weight (100 percent) of permanent heavy equipment or retained

liquid or any imposed load sustained in nature shall be included.
 Where the probable imposed loads (mass) at the time of earthquake are
more correctly assessed, the designer may go for higher percentage of live
load.

ASCE 7-05 12.8.1.1 Design Base Shear

Spectrum

Spectrum

Response Spectrum
Figure 6.2.26 Normalized MCE

Response Spectra for Different Site
Classes.
2.5.4.3 Design Response Spectrum
a s
(6.2.34)
Example Calculation of Design Base

Shear
An intermediate moment frame building in Dhaka on Soil

Type ,
Residential apartment building, 1

1.35, Zone 2, 0.2
B 0.2 sec, C 0.8 sec, D
2.0 sec

Shear
1) B sec
s
B
at B sec, s
a s

Shear
2) B C sec
sec
s
at sec, s
a s

Shear
0.8 sec C D sec

C
s
at D sec, s
a s

Shear
sec D sec
C D
s 2 2 2
at sec, s
a s
Minimum Design Base Shear
DS
, OK
Note: This check
is not required by
BNBC-2020
Calculation of Design Base Shear

by ASCE 7-05
1) S C sec
DS
s
For Zone 2, Soil Type , DS from BNBC-

2020 Table 6.C.4

by ASCE 7-05
2) sec C L sec
For Zone 2, Soil Type , D1
at sec, s

by ASCE 7-05
3) L D sec
(unspecified)
s 2 2
D1 L
2
2
at sec, s
 min. s = 0.79%, OK
Slightly different from 0.83% by BNBC-2020
ASCE 7-05 12.8.2, 2.5.7.2 Structure Period
Calculated by……
1. Approximate Formulas
2. Rational Analysis using structural

properties and deformational
characteristics of resisting elements
in a properly substantiated analysis
ASCE 7-05 12.8.2.1, 2.5.7.2(b)

Approximate Fundamental Period
Ta = Ct hnx(m)
ASCE 7-05 Table 12.8-2, Table 6.2.20

Values of Approximate Period Parameters Ct
and x(m)
Structure Type Ct X(m)
Moment resisting frame systems of steel in which the
frames resist 100 percent of the required seismic force and
are not enclosed or adjoined by more rigid components
that will prevent the frames from deflecting when subjected 0.0724 0.8
to seismic forces
Moment resisting frame systems of reinforced concrete in

which the frames resist 100 percent of the required seismic
force and are not enclosed or adjoined by more rigid
components that will prevent the frames from deflecting 0.0466 0.9
when subjected to seismic forces
ASCE 7-05 Table 12.8-2, Table 6.2.20

Values of Approximate Period Parameters Ct
and x(m) (cont’d)
Structure Type Ct X(m)
Eccentrically braced steel frames .0731 0.75
All other structural systems 0.0488 0.75
ASCE 7-05 12.8.2.1, 2.5.7.2(c)

Approximate Fundamental Period
ASCE 7-05 12.8.2, 2.5.7.2 Upper Limit on T

by "Rational Analysis"
u a
u = 1.4 in BNBC-2020
Upper Limit on T by "Rational Analysis"

Table 12.8-1 (ASCE 7-05)
Coefficient for Upper Limit on Calculated Period
Design Spectral Response Acceleration Coefficient Cu

(SD1)
≥ 0.4 1.4
0.3 1.4
0.2 1.5
0.1 1.6
5 1.7
0.1 1.7
≤
0.05
Note: For drift analysis, upper limit on calculated T does not apply
(Section 12.8.6.2)
Response Modification Coefficient, R

Elastic Response of Structure
VE
Lateral Seismic Force, V
R
VY Fully Yielded Strength
o
Yielding
Design Force Level
V
Cd
x E
xe
Lateral Deflection, 
Response Modification Coefficient, R
ASCE 7-05 Table 12.2-1
R = 5 – Bearing wall system with special

reinforced concrete or masonry shear
walls
R = 8 – Special moment resisting frame system
Seismic Force-Resisting
Structural Systems
EARTHQUAKE FORCE-RESISTING
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS OF CONCRETE —
ASCE 7-05, BNBC-2020 Table 6.2.19
SYSTEM LIMITATIONS AND BUILDING
BASIC SEISMIC FORCE- DETAILING REF. HEIGHT LIMITATIONS, ft (m), BY
RESISTING SYSTEM SECTION R 0 Cd SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORY
B C D EN/A FN/A
Moment-Resisting Frame Systems

Special reinforced concrete moment 12.2.5.5 and
8 3 51/2 NL NL NL NL NL
frames 14.2
Intermediate reinforced concrete moment
frames 14.2 5 3 41/2 NL NL NP NP NP
Ordinary reinforced concrete moment

frames 14.2 3 3 21/2 NL NP NP NP NP
Dual Systems with Special Moment Frames
Special reinforced concrete shear walls 14.2 7 21/2 51/2 NL NL NL NL NL
Ordinary reinforced concrete shear walls 14.2 6 21/2 5 NL NL NP NP NP
Dual Systems with Intermediate Moment Frames

NL 160
Special reinforced concrete shear walls 14.2 6 1/ 2 2 1/ 2 5 NL 100 100
50 m NP
Ordinary reinforced concrete shear walls 14.2 5 1/ 2 2 1/ 2 4 1/ 2 NL NL NP NP NP
ASCE 7-05 , BNBC-2020 Table 6.2.19
BASIC SEISMIC FORCE- DETAILING REF. HEIGHT LIMITATIONS, ft (m), BY
RESISTING SYSTEM SECTION R 0 Cd SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORY
B C D EN/A FN/A
Bearing Wall Systems
14.2 and 160

Special reinforced concrete shear walls 14.2.3.6 5 21/2 5 NL NL 160 100
50 m
14.2 and
Ordinary reinforced concrete shear walls 14.2.3.4 4 21/2 4 NL NL NP NP NP
14.2 and
Detailed plain concrete shear walls N/A 14.2.3.2 2 21/2 2 NL NP NP NP NP
Ordinary plain concrete shear walls N/A 14.2 and 11/2 21/2 11/2 NL NP NP NP NP
14.2.3.1
14.2 and
Intermediate precast shear walls N/A 14.2.3.5 4 21/2 4 NL NL 401 401 401
14.2 and
Ordinary precast shear walls N/A 14.2.3.3 3 21/2 3 NL NP NP NP NP
1Increase in height to 45 ft is permitted for single-story storage warehouse facilities.
ASCE 7-05 , BNBC-2020 Table 6.2.19
BASIC SEISMIC FORCE- DETAILING HEIGHT LIMITATIONS, ft (m), BY
RESISTING SYSTEM REF. SECTION R 0 Cd SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORY
B C D EN/A FN/A
Building Frame Systems
14.2 and 160

Special reinforced concrete shear walls 14.2.3.6 6 21/2 5 NL NL 160 100
50 m
14.2 and
Ordinary reinforced concrete shear walls 14.2.3.4 5 21/2 41/2 NL NL NP NP NP
14.2 and
Detailed plain concrete shear walls N/A 14.2.3.2 2 21/2 2 NL NP NP NP NP
Ordinary plain concrete shear walls N/A 14.2 and 11/2 21/2 11/2 NL NP NP NP NP
14.2.3.1
14.2 and
Intermediate precast shear walls N/A 14.2.3.5 5 21/2 41/2 NL NL 401 401 401
14.2 and
Ordinary precast shear walls N/A 14.2.3.3 4 21/2 4 NL NP NP NP NP
1Increase in height to 45 ft is permitted for single-story storage warehouse facilities.
2.5.5.2 Combinations (if not “Dual”)

Same Direction
 Horizontal (ASCE 7-05 12.2.3.2)
Where different seismic force–resisting systems are used in combination to resist
seismic forces in the same direction of structural response, other than those
combinations considered as dual systems, the more stringent system limitation
contained in Table 6.2.19 shall apply. The value of R used for design in that
direction shall not be greater than the least value of R for any of the systems
utilized in that direction. The deflection amplification factor, Cd in the direction
under consideration at any story shall not be less than the largest value of this
factor for the R factor used in the same direction being considered.
2.5.5.1 Combinations
Different Directions
 Horizontal
Different seismic force–resisting systems are permitted to be used to resist
seismic forces along each of the two orthogonal axes of the structure.
Where different systems are used, the respective R and Cd coefficients
shall apply to each system, including the limitations on system use
contained in Table 6.2.19.
2.5.5.1 Combinations
 Different Directions (12.2.2)
• Use respective R, Cd, and 0 in each orthogonal direction
R=5
Cd = 5
Ωo =
2½
R = 8, Cd = 5 ½, Ωo = 3
ASCE 7-05 Table 11.5-1, Table 6.2.17

Seismic Importance Factor, I
Risk Importance
Category Factor
I 1.0
II 1.0
III 1.25
IV 1.5
ASCE 7-05 12.8.3, 2.5.7.4 Determine Fx

Over the Height of the Building
Fx = CvxV
k
wx hx
Cvx = k
fw i hi
k = 1 for T ≤ 0.5 sec

k = 2 for T ≥ 2.5 sec
Linear interpolation in between
2.5.7.5 Story Shear
(6.2.42)
ASCE 7-05 12.8.4, 2.5.7.5

Horizontal Distribution of Forces
ASCE 7-05 12.8.4 , 2.5.7.5

ASCE 7-05 12.8.4 , 2.5.7.5

 Torsion
• Torsional moment due to difference in location of center
of mass and center of resistance must be
considered for rigid diaphragms
 Accidental torsion
• For rigid diaphragms, must be included in addition to
the torsional moment
• Displacement of center of mass = 5% building dimension
perpendicular to direction of applied forces
ASCE 7 12.8.4.3, 2.5.7.6.2

Amplification of Accidental Torsional
Moments
For structures assigned to SDC C, D, E, or F, where Type
1a or 1b irregularity exists, ASCE 7-05 Section
12.8.4.3 requires that the torsional and accidental
torsional moments be amplified by a torsional
amplification factor of up to 3.
(6.2.44)
2.5.7.8 Overturning Effects

The structure shall be designed to resist overturning effects caused by the seismic forces
determined in Sec 2.5.7.4. At any story, the increment of overturning moment in the story
under consideration shall be distributed to the various vertical force resisting elements in the
same proportion as the distribution of the horizontal shears to those elements. The overturning
moments at level x, Mx shall be determined as follows:
(6.2.47)
Where,
Fi = Portion of the seismic base shear, V induced at level i hi ,
h x = Height from the base to level i or x.
The foundations of structures, except inverted pendulum-type structures, shall

be permitted to be designed for three-fourths of the foundation overturning
design moment, Mo determined using above equation.
ASCE 7-05 12.8.6, 2.5.7.7

Story Drift Determination ()
Lateral displacement of one level relative to the next

level above or below
Analysis of Structures under Code-

Prescribed Seismic Forces
QE xe
ASCE 7-05 12.8.6, 2.5.7.7

x = x - x-1 ≤ a
where….
x
= Cd xe / I
ASCE 7-05 12.8.6, 2.5.7.7

Cd = displacement amplification factor (ASCE
7-05 Table 12.2-1, Table 6.2.19)
xe = elastic analysis displacement
a = allowable story drift

(ASCE 7-05 Table 12.12-1, Table 6.2.21, Section
2.5.14)
I = seismic importance factor

(ASCE 7-05 Table 1.5-2, Table 6.2.17)
Allowable Story Drift (a )

ASCE 7-05 Table 12.12-1, Table 6.2.21
Occup ancy Category
Building
I or II III
IV
Buildings ≤ 4 stories in height; other
than masonry;
0.020hsx 0.015hsx
0.025hsx
Non-structural elements designed to
accommodate story drift
Masonry cantilever shear wall
0.010hsx 0.010hsx 0.010hsx
buildings
Other masonry shear walls buildings
0.007hsx 0.007hsx 0.007hsx
hAll other buildings 0.015hsx 0.010hsx

sx = Story height below level x 0.020hsx
PART 6
EARTHQUAKE LOAD EFFECTS AND

LOAD COMBINATIONS
2.7.3 Strength Design Load Combinations
1. 1.4(D + F)
2. 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) + 0.5(Lr or R)
3. 1.2D + 1.6(Lr or R) + (L or 0.8W)
4. 1.2D + 1.6W + L + 0.5(Lr or R)
5. 1.2D + 1.0E + 1.0L
6. 0.9D + 1.6W + 1.6H
7. 0.9D + 1.0E + 1.6H
2.7.3 Strength Design Load Combinations

(without F, H, T)
1. 1.4D
2. 1.2D + 1.6L + 0.5(Lr or R)
3. 1.2D + 1.6(Lr or R) + (L or 0.8W)
4. 1.2D + 1.6W + L + 0.5(Lr or R)
5. 1.2D + 1.0E + 1.0L
6. 0.9D + 1.6W
7. 0.9D + 1.0E
Seismic Strength Design Load

Combinations
 1.2D + 1.0E + 1.0L
 0.9D + 1.0E
 E = QE + 0.2SDSD ASCE 7-05 12.4.2
 E = QE - 0.2SDSD ASCE 7-05 12.4.2
  = 1 in Seismic Design Category (SDC) A, B, and C
  = 1 or 1.3 in SDC D, E, and F
Analysis of Structures under Code-

Prescribed Seismic Forces
x xe
QE
2.5.13 Earthquake Load

Effects and Load
In BNBC-2020
Combinations
=1 (not mentioned at all)

v = (6.2.56)
=
= a
Effect of Vertical Earthquake Ground

Motion
 Gravity and Earthquake Effects Additive
=
= E
= E
Dhaka, Zone-2, Soil Type SD: DS = 0.45

= E
The load factor on live load L in combinations (3), (4), and (5) is permitted to be
reduced to 0.5 for all occupancies in which minimum specified uniformly
distributed live load is less than or equal to 5.0 kN/m2, with the exception of
garages or areas occupied as places of public assembly.
Effect of Vertical Earthquake Ground

Motion
 Gravity and Earthquake Effects Counteractive
=
= E
=
Dhaka, Zone-2, Soil Type SD: DS = 0.45
= E
Load Combinations with Overstrength

Factor
Cantilever Column Systems 12.2.5.2

SDC B−F
Foundation and other
elements used to provide
overturning resistance at
the base of cantilever
column elements shall have
the strength to resist the
load combinations with
over strength factor of
Section 12.4.3.2.

Factor
Elements Supporting Discontinuous 12.3.3.3

Walls or Frames SDC B−F
SHEAR WALL
Elements supporting discontinuous walls or

frames

Factor

Factor

Factor
Collector Elements 12.10.2.1 (SDC C−F)

Factor
2.5.13.4 Load Combinations with

Overstrength Factor
Basic Combinations for Strength Design with
Overstrength Factor
(1.2 + 0.2SDS)D + 0QE + L
(0.9 – 0.2SDS)D + 0QE
2.5.5.6 Provisions for Using System

Overstrength Factor, Ωo
2.5.5.6.1 Combinations of Elements Supporting
Discontinuous Walls or Frames.
Columns, beams, trusses, or slabs supporting discontinuous walls

or frames of structures having horizontal irregularity Type IV of
Table 6.1.5 or vertical irregularity Type IV of Table
6.1.4 shall have the design strength to resist the maximum axial
force that can develop in accordance with the load combinations
with overstrength factor of Section 2.5.13.4. The connections of
such discontinuous elements to the supporting members shall be
adequate to transmit the forces for which the discontinuous
elements were required to be designed.

2.5.5.6.2 Increase in Forces Due to Irregularities for Seismic Design
Categories D through E.
For structures assigned to Seismic Design Category D or E and having a

horizontal structural irregularity of Type I.a, I.b, II, III, or IV in Table 6.1.5 or a
vertical structural irregularity of Type IV in Table 6.1.4, the design forces
determined from Section 2.5.7 shall be increased 25 percent for connections of
diaphragms to vertical elements 6-104 Vol. 2 and to collectors and for
connections of collectors to the vertical elements.
Collectors and their connections also shall be designed for these
increased forces unless they are designed for the load combinations with
overstrength factor of Section 2.5.5.4, in accordance with Section 2.5.13.4.

2.5.5.6.3 Collector Elements Requiring Load Combinations with
Overstrength Factor for Seismic Design Categories C through E.
In structures assigned to Seismic Design Category C, D or E,

collector elements, splices, and their connections to resisting
elements shall resist the load combinations with overstrength of
Section 2.5.13.4.

2.5.5.6.4 Batter Piles.
Batter piles and their connections shall be capable of resisting

forces and moments from the load combinations with overstrength
factor of Section 2.5.13.4. Where vertical and batter piles act
jointly to resist foundation forces as a group, these forces shall be
distributed to the individual piles in accordance with their relative
horizontal and vertical rigidities and the geometric distribution of
the piles within the group.
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S. K.

Ghosh Associates LLC

Seismic Design Provisions of

URP S-09 Training

Earthquakes and Their

URP S-09 Training

Inertia force and relative motion within a building

Collector beam accumulates diaphragm

Shear forces are transferred to the earth by friction

Forces from gravity loads and seismic overturning

From point of load application or origin

Important Reference to ASCE 7-02

Seismic Design Provisions

Chapters 11-23 0f ASCE 7-05 onwards

Detailing Rules in BNBC-2020

Part 6, Chapter 8, Detailing of Reinforcement in

2.5.2 Earthquake Resistant Design –

The purpose of earthquake resistant design provisions in this Code is to

2.5.2 Earthquake Resistant Design –

The desirable characteristics of earthquake resistant buildings are

Structural Simplicity, Uniformity and Symmetry:

Structural simplicity, uniformity and plan symmetry is characterized by an even

2.5.2 Earthquake Resistant Design –

2.5.2 Earthquake Resistant Design –

ASCE 7-05, BNBC-2020

ASCE 7-05 Figure 11.4-1:

BNBC-2020 Fig. 6.2.25: MCE Response

ASCE 7-10 Figure 11.4-1:

Design Ground Motion (ASCE 7-05)

BNBC-2020 Table 6.C.1: Parameters SS

Parameters Zone-1 Zone-2 Zone-3 Zone-4

SS 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9

S1 0.12 0.2 0.28 0.36

S1 = 0.4SS, not independent of SS, as in ASCE 7-05

Table 6.2.15: Seismic Zone Coefficient Z for

ASCE 7-05 Design Ground Motion

2006 IBC 1613.5.2 “Default” Site Class

Have not found equivalent statement in BNBC-2020.

ASCE 7-05 Table 11.4-1

A 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

B 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

C 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0

D 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.0

E 2.5 1.7 1.2 0.9 0.9

F Note b Note b Note b Note b Note b

ASCE 7-05 Table 11.4-1 Values of Site

b. Values shall be determined in accordance with

ASCE 7-05 Table 11.4-2 Values of Site

Mapped Spectral Response Acc. at 1-Second Period

B 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

C 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3

D 2.4 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.5

E 3.5 3.2 2.8 2.4 2.4

F Note b Note b Note b Note b Note b

ASCE 7-05 Table 11.4-2 Values of Site

b. Values shall be determined in accordance with

BNBC-2020 Table 6.C.2: Coefficient Fa for

Fa = S, dependent only on Site Class, no

BNBC-2020 Table 6.C.3: Coefficient Fv for

Table 6.2.16: Site Dependent Soil Factor

ASCE 7-05 Design Ground Motion

 SMS = soil-modified MCE spectral response