AJAY KUMAR GARG ENGINEERING COLLEGE,

GHAZIABAD, INDIA

AI

Saket Kumar Singh

Assistant Professor
Dept. of CSE
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HISTORY
 Robots can replicate human speech and
motion(speculation by Raja Bhoj in 11 th Century) .
 Realistic automatons in several part of the worlds.
 All Human ideas are combination of few thaughts.
HISTORY
1900-1960
 1914—First Chess Playing Machine(KR-Kending)

 1925—Radio Controlled driverless car.(Francis Houdina)

 1940– Pitts and McCulloch

First ANN,
Alan Turing—
Theory of Computation,
Imitation Game
Shanon– Information Theory
1900-1960
 1950—Weiner Cybernetics(Control and Communication
of the animal and Machine)

 1951—Minsky’s SNARC(First Neural Net Machine)

(Stochastic Neural Automatic Reinforcement Calculator)
 1955 – Simon and Newell Logic Theorist
 1956– Dartmouth Conference
 1957- Two Layer ANN called Perceptron by Rosenblat
1960-1974(Golden Age)
 1960—74 Golden Years, Appearance of Expert System
 Playing chess
 Helping in constructing organic chemistry models
 Solving word problems in algebra
 Understanding Natural Languages
 General Purpose Mobile Robot
 BackPropagation
The First AI Winter
 Low Computational Complexity
 Results were primarily for toy problems
 Combinatorial Explosion
 Commonsense is nearly impossible to program
 Minsky’s Book—Perceptrons showed limitations of
Simple Neural Network, and (Multilayer neural network
are hard to train.
 Govt. funding cut.
New Seasonal Cycle(1980 -2000
 1980-1987
 Expert Systems used in Businesses with specialized hardware
 First Driverless Car
 Hopfield Network, a popularization of Back Propagation.
 1987-1993
 2nd AI winter
 Brutal Funding Cut
 1994-2000
 Deep Blue beats Garry Kasparov
 Moore’s Law(improved processing powers)
 Improvement in theories
(Probability and Statistics)
2000-2012

•?
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References
• Machine Learning for Engineering and Science Applications Course NPTEL-NOC IITM.
• Stuart Russell, Peter Norvig, “Artificial Intelligence – A Modern Approach”, Pearson Education