UNIVERSITY OF CEBU

Maritime Education Program

SEAM 2
Trim, Stability and Stress

Watertight Integrity
Course: BSMT Topic: ___________________
Period: 1st Semester S.Y.2023-2024
Week: 10
 Apply knowledge in mathematics, science

OUTCOMES
PROGRAM 5.2.a and technology in solving problems
related to the profession and the
workplace;

Use appropriate techniques, skills and

5.2.c modern tools in the practice of the
profession in order to remain globally
competitive; * and
OUTCOMES
PROGRAM Demonstrate the competence to perform
5.3.1 the functions pertaining to navigation,
cargo handling and stowage, controlling
the operation of the ship and care for
persons on board under Table A-lI/1 and
acquire some knowledge and
understanding under Table A-ll/2 of the
STCW Code that are covered by this
program under Annex A1.
 CO2: Analyze various critical
Course situations to rationalize the
Outcome courses of action
undertaken.
Learning LO2.2. Discuss watertight
integrity and the importance
Outcome of keeping it within the ship
Topic/s: 10. Intact Stability
Watertight Integrity
CONTENTS .1 Compartmentation

.2 Watertight Bulkheads

.3 Damage Control Systems

CONTENTS .4 Slack Tanks
10.0 Introduction

This chapter
provides an
overview of
the definitions
and concepts
related to the
structure of a
ship's hull and
watertight integrity.
10.0 Introduction

Compartmentation is the
division of the ship’s
interior into smaller
spaces using structural
members, while
watertight bulkheads are
used to create
independent sections and
provide extra stiffening.
10.0 Introduction

The keel is the backbone of the ship, and the bilge keel
reduces rolling. Decks divide the ship into layers and
provide additional strength.

Compartmentation and watertight integrity are crucial for

controlling fires and floods, and increasing
compartmentation improves a ship’s resistance to
sinking.
10.0 Introduction

The compartment numbering system on large ships

consists of four parts that indicate the deck, frame,
position relative to the ship’s centerline, and use of the
compartment.
Watertight doors are categorized as quick-acting or
individually dogged, with the latter providing access to
compartments that do not require rapid access.
Watertight integrity is crucial for ship design and is
essential for ensuring the safety and security of crew and
cargo.
10.1 Compartmentation

Compartmentation is the division of a ship's interior into

smaller spaces using structural members. This provides
a number of benefits, including improved resistance to
sinking, better control of fires and floods, and increased
organization and efficiency.
10.1 Compartmentation

Fire and Flood Control

Compartmentation and watertight integrity play a crucial

role in controlling fires and floods on a ship.
Compartmentation divides the ship's interior into smaller
spaces using structural members, while watertight
bulkheads create independent sections and provide
extra stiffening. Increasing compartmentation improves a
ship's resistance to sinking.
10.1 Compartmentation

Fire and Flood Control

In case of a fire, the compartmentation system helps to

contain the fire within a specific area, preventing it from
spreading to other parts of the ship. Watertight doors are
categorized as quick-acting or individually dogged, with
the latter providing access to compartments that do not
require rapid access. This helps to prevent flooding in
case of damage to the ship's hull.
10.1 Compartmentation

Resistance to Sinking

By dividing the ship’s

interior into smaller
spaces using structural
members and creating
independent sections
with watertight
bulkheads, a ship is better able to withstand
flooding and maintain buoyancy.
10.1 Compartmentation

Watertight Bulkheads
Watertight bulkheads are used to create independent
sections within a ship. These bulkheads provide extra
stiffening and help to keep the ship afloat in the event of
flooding or other damage.

Keel and Bilge Keel

The keel is the backbone of the ship, providing strength
and stability. The bilge keel is an additional structure that
reduces rolling and improves stability in rough seas.
10.1 Compartmentation

Decks and Strength

Decks divide the ship into layers and provide additional
strength. The strength of a ship's decks is important for
withstanding the stresses of heavy seas and high winds.

Fire and Flood Control

Compartmentation and watertight integrity are crucial for
controlling fires and floods on board a ship. By dividing
the ship into smaller compartments, fires and floods can
be contained and controlled more easily.
10.1 Compartmentation

Compartment
Numbering System
The compartment
numbering system
on large combatant
ships consists of
four parts and this
system helps to identify and locate specific
compartments on board the ship.
10.1 Compartmentation

Watertight Doors
Watertight doors are used to provide
access to compartments while
maintaining watertight integrity.
10.1 Compartmentation

These doors are categorized as quick-acting or

individually dogged, with the latter providing access to
compartments that do not require rapid access.

Watertight Integrity
Watertight integrity is crucial for maintaining the safety
and stability of a ship. By ensuring that all compartments
are properly sealed and watertight, the risk of flooding
and sinking can be greatly reduced.
10.2 Watertight Bulkheads

Watertight bulkheads are used to create independent

sections within the ship's interior and provide extra
stiffening to the hull. Compartmentation and watertight
integrity are crucial for controlling fires and floods, as
well as improving a ship's resistance to sinking.
10.2 Watertight Bulkheads

Types of Watertight Bulkheads

There are two main types of watertight bulkheads:

transverse and longitudinal. Transverse bulkheads run
perpendicular to the ship's centerline and divide the ship
into smaller sections. Longitudinal bulkheads run parallel
to the centerline and provide additional stiffness to the
hull.
10.2 Watertight Bulkheads

Benefits of Watertight Bulkheads

1. They improve the ship's resistance to sinking by

creating independent sections that can be sealed off
in the event of flooding.

2. They also provide extra stiffening to the hull, which

can improve the ship's stability and handling
characteristics.
10.2 Watertight Bulkheads

Benefits of Watertight Bulkheads

1. They improve the ship's resistance to sinking by

creating independent sections that can be sealed off
in the event of flooding.

2. They also provide extra stiffening to the hull, which

can improve the ship's stability and handling
characteristics.
10.2 Watertight Bulkheads

Individually Dogged
Doors
Watertight doors that are
individually dogged
provide access to
compartments that do
not require rapid access.
These doors are crucial
for maintaining watertight
integrity on a ship.
10.2 Watertight Bulkheads

Quick-Acting Doors
Quick-acting doors are
watertight doors that can be
closed rapidly to prevent
flooding in the event of a hull
breach. They are typically
found in areas of the ship that
require immediate closure,
such as engine rooms and
ammunition storage areas.
10.2 Watertight Bulkheads

Keel and Bilge Keel

The keel is the backbone of the ship, running along the

centerline from bow to stern. It provides support for the
weight of the ship and helps to maintain stability. The
bilge keel is a secondary keel that runs along the bottom
of the hull, perpendicular to the main keel. It helps to
reduce rolling and improve stability.
10.3 Damage Control Systems

One important component of damage control systems is

the use of damage control lockers, which contain
equipment and materials for responding to emergencies.
These lockers may include pumps, hoses, patching
materials, and firefighting gear.
10.3 Damage Control Systems

Damage control
systems are crucial
for maintaining the
watertight integrity
of a ship and
preventing further
damage in the
event of an
accident or attack.
10.3 Damage Control Systems

These systems include

measures for detecting
and controlling flooding,
as well as procedures
for repairing damage
and restoring
functionality to critical
systems.
10.3 Damage Control Systems

Some possible ship damage control equipment are:

1. Damage Control System for maritime shoring, which

can be used to stop incoming water and save the ship
by using pneumatic struts, shoring panels, and
wedges.
10.3 Damage Control Systems
10.3 Damage Control Systems

Some possible ship damage control equipment are:

2. Thermal lance, oxyacetylene

welding, or electric arc welding
equipment for cutting and
sealing ruptures in the hull.
10.3 Damage Control Systems

Some possible ship damage control equipment are:

3. Quick-drying cement for

applying underwater over
the rupture to plug the leak.
10.3 Damage Control Systems

Some possible ship damage control equipment are:

4. Damage control plan and booklet,

which provide clear information on the
ship’s watertight subdivision and
equipment, as well as guidance on how
to deal with different damage scenarios.
10.3 Damage Control Systems

Some possible ship damage control equipment are:

5. On-board computer
with damage stability
software, which can
help calculate the
ship’s stability and
buoyancy after
damage and suggest
optimal countermeasures.
10.4 Slack Tanks

Slack tanks on a ship can have significant effects on the

ship’s stability. Here are some key points:

1. Free Surface Effect: A partially filled tank is known as

a “slack tank”. The reduction of stability caused by the
liquids in slack tanks is known as the free surface effect.
This adverse effect on the stability is referred to as a
“loss in GM” or as a "virtual rise in vertical center of
gravity KG".
10.4 Slack Tanks

2. Change in Center of Gravity: When a tank is partially

filled, the liquid’s center of gravity position will change as
the ship is inclined. This can decrease the initial
metacentric height GM, righting lever GZ, and angle of
vanishing stability.

3. Increased Heeling Angle: If the breadth of the slack

tank is wide, more volume of water would flood to the
heeled side and increase the heeling
References
• MSC.267(85) ADOPTION OF THE INTERNATIONAL CODE ON
INTACT STABILITY, 2008
Supplemental Videos

S9_V1_INTACT STABILITY CRITERIA

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RzK4lTa-F8g&t=23s
Text Books Required Reading

Learning Activity 2.1:

 Ship Stability (Masters and Mates) - Bryan Barrass and D.R Derrett
(page 281 – 290)
Reviewed by:
CDRC

Approved by:
Capt. Ramon B. Mejares
 THANK YOU….

Elmer M. Doctor / MSMT

NTC Course developer
Q&A Session
Thank you for listening!
Lesson
Completed