Readings in

Philippine History
Group Activity 1
BSIT 1B
Group 6 Members:
Cortez, Artemio Manuel D.
Navarro, Maria Cleofe R.
Redondo, Jack Arnel D.
Sayson, Julius S.
 Difference between
Primary Sources from Secondary Sources
Primary Sources
• are the raw materials of historical research – they
are the documents or artifacts closest to the topic
of investigation.
• is a first-hand or contemporary account of an
event or topic.
• Often they are created during the time period
which is being studied (correspondence, diaries,
newspapers, government documents, art) but they
can also be produced later by eyewitnesses or
participants (memoirs, oral histories).
• You may find primary sources in their original
format (usually in an archive) or reproduced in a
variety of ways: books, microfilm, digital, etc.
Secondary Sources
• offer an analysis or a restatement of primary
sources.
• They often attempt to describe or explain primary
sources.
• is one that was created later by someone who did
not experience first-hand or participate in the
events or conditions you're researching.
• Some secondary sources not only analyze
primary sources, but also use them to argue a
contention or persuade the reader to hold a certain
opinion.
• Secondary sources are not evidence, but rather
commentary on and discussion of evidence.
 Examples
Primary Sources Secondary Sources
Artifacts Biographical works

Audio recordings Commentaries, criticisms

Diaries Dictionaries, Encyclopedias

Newspaper articles written at the time Histories

Interviews (e.g., oral histories, telephone, e- Journal articles (depending on the disciple can be
mail) primary)
Photographs Magazine and newspaper articles

Journal articles published in peer-reviewed Monographs, other than fiction and autobiography
publications
Video recordings (e.g. television programs) Textbooks (also considered tertiary)

Websites Web site (also considered primary)

 Timeline

Spanish American Japanese

Pre-Colonial Present
Period Period Period

The Spanish colonial American settlement in The Filipino literary

The Philippines' pre- period of the the Philippines began The Japanese contemporary period
colonial period was Philippines began during the Spanish occupation of the is characterized by the
filled with indigenous when explorer colonial period. Philippines use of native
peoples engaged in Ferdinand Magellan The period of American occurred between languages as the main
healthy trade with came to the islands in colonialization of the 1942 and 1945, when tool of literary
various cultures and 1521 and claimed it as Philippines lasted 48 Imperial Japan expression rather than
economies in the a colony for the years, from cession of occupied the foreign languages.
region and the Spanish Empire. the Philippines to the Commonwealth of the The contemporary
foreign traders. The period lasted U.S. by Spain in 1898 Philippines during period began in the
until the Philippine to U.S. recognition of World War II. 1960s but truly began
Revolution in 1898. Philippine to flourish following
independence in 1946. the end of the martial-
law dictatorship in
1986.