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    Bauxite Summary

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    timmychow012332
    This document summarizes information about bauxite residue, including the Bayer process used to produce alumina from bauxite, the composition and production of bauxite residue, common residue disposal methods like marine disposal and dry stacking, amendments that can be added before disposal, challenges with residue utilization, and issues with bioremediating bauxite residue piles. It discusses how the alkaline nature and high salt, bulk density, and trace metal content of bauxite residue complicate safe disposal and potential uses of the material.

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    Bauxite Summary

    Uploaded by

    timmychow012332
    2 views15 pages
    This document summarizes information about bauxite residue, including the Bayer process used to produce alumina from bauxite, the composition and production of bauxite residue, common residue disposal methods like marine disposal and dry stacking, amendments that can be added before disposal, challenges with residue utilization, and issues with bioremediating bauxite residue piles. It discusses how the alkaline nature and high salt, bulk density, and trace metal content of bauxite residue complicate safe disposal and potential uses of the material.

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    This document summarizes information about bauxite residue, including the Bayer process used to produce alumina from bauxite, the composition and production of bauxite residue, common residue disposal methods like marine disposal and dry stacking, amendments that can be added before disposal, challenges with residue utilization, and issues with bioremediating bauxite residue piles. It discusses how the alkaline nature and high salt, bulk density, and trace metal content of bauxite residue complicate safe disposal and potential uses of the material.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
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    2 views15 pages

    Bauxite Summary

    Uploaded by

    timmychow012332
    This document summarizes information about bauxite residue, including the Bayer process used to produce alumina from bauxite, the composition and production of bauxite residue, common residue disposal methods like marine disposal and dry stacking, amendments that can be added before disposal, challenges with residue utilization, and issues with bioremediating bauxite residue piles. It discusses how the alkaline nature and high salt, bulk density, and trace metal content of bauxite residue complicate safe disposal and potential uses of the material.

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    of 15

    Summary of

    “Bauxite Residue Issues”


    review series
    Bayer process:
    • Pre-desilication
    • Digestion
    (Al(OH)3+ NaOH-> sodium aluminate)
    • Clarification
    • Precipitation & Calcination
    (Dry Al(OH)3 🔺-> Al2O3)
    • Separate sodium aluminate
    (clarifier, CCD)
    • Thickener
    • Amendments -> BRDA

    Page 2
    Bauxite residue composition

    Page 3
    High residue production
    • Alumina : Residue = 1:(0.8-1.5)
    • Alumina production⬆, residue inventory ⬆

    Page 4
    Marine/Lagoon Disposal
    • Simple, low cost, but hazardous if not properly neutralized

    Page 5
    Dry Stacking

    • Thicken & Dewater


    (48~55%)
    • Deposit at BRDA,
    layered (62~65%)
    • Angled(2~6°) for natural
    drying
    • Dust migitating

    Page 6
    Dry Cake Disposal
    • Thicken & Dewater (48~55%)
    • De-Liqour (>65%)
    • Transported to BRDA (not pumpable)
    • No additional treatment required
    • Sandy, low Na content

    Page 7
    Amendments before disposal
    • Seawater
    • Alkaline ions + Mg2+/Ca2+ = alkaline solids (buffering range 8.2~9)
    • Traps trace metals, useful for revegetation
    • Colloidal precipitates need additional treatment
    • Mineral acid(❌)
    • Gypsum
    • Needs activation from H2SO4
    • Carbon dioxide
    • Neutralization (pH 8.5~10)
    • Direct injection or expose to CO2-rich atmosphere
    • Cost, monitoring/control, scale-up issues

    Page 8
    Residue Utilization
    1. Construction and chemical applications:
     KA 1: Civil and building construction
     KA 2: Catalysts and adsorbents
     KA 3: Ceramics, plastics, coatings and pigments
    2. Environmental and agronomic applications:
     KA 4: Waste water and effluent treatment
     KA 5: Waste gas treatment
     KA 6: Agronomic applications
    3. Metallurgical applications:
     KA 7: Recovery of major metals
     KA 8: Steel making and slag additive
     KA 9: Recovery of minor metals

    Page 9
    Residue Utilization Challenges:
    • Cost
    • Remediation/Co-use < BRDA management cost
    • Volume
    • Must involve large quantities to resolve storage problem
    • Performance
    • Bauxite alternative >= prexisting resources
    • Risk
    • Risk of application < risk of continued storage

    Page 10
    Alkalinity is not welcomed in utilization
    • Construction:
    • Adverse effects on concrete properties (alkali-silica reaction)
    • Favours neutralized substances

    • Metal recovery:
    • Leaching operation efficiency (metal dissolution, precipitation,
    separation rates )

    Page 11
    Bioremediation issues of Bauxite Residue
    • Strongly alkaline
    • High Salt (Na+) content
    • poor aggregation, inhibits hydraulic conductivity
    • High EC
    • Impedes water uptake of roots
    • High buffering capacity (Alkaline Solids)
    • Complex chemical environment = Complex neutralization behaviour
    • High bulk density(compact)
    • 2.5± 0.7 > root penetration criteria (1.5~1.6 gcm-3)
    • Trace metals
    • Could contain NORMs, may emit ionizing radiation
    • Small SSA
    • < other soils, lack of essential micropore structures

    Page 12
    Page 13
    THANK
    YOU

    Page 14
    pH
    • OH- ions from Bayer Process
    • Alkaline solids(sodium aluminate, hydroxides, carbonates,
    aluminates aluminosilicates): complex chemical environment
    complicates neutralization behaviour, buffering capacity

    Page 15

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