GRADE 5 GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER-6:

STAYING CONNECTED
PRESENTED BY : MS.RATNAPRAVA PRIYADERSENI SAHOO
VIDEO ON MODES OF
TRANSPORTATION
MEANS OF COMMUNICATION
LEARNING GOALS

⮚ Evolution of transport and the importance of inventions

and improvements in technology in transportation
⮚ Different modes of transport and various types of power
used to aid transportation system
⮚ Meaning of communication and map the chronology of its
evolution over time
⮚ Different means of communication and its importance in
our lives
 glossary
🠶 Fuel-powered automobiles-vehicles that
use fuel such as petrol or diesel to run
🠶 Metalled- roads made with stone and tars
🠶 Kutcha – unmetalled/ dirt road
🠶 Inland- away from coast
🠶 Backwaters- a part of a river away from
the main port, where the water moves
slowly
🠶 Canal- a long, narrow stretch of water
built for boats to travel along
🠶 Broadcast- send out programmes on
television or radio
 TRANSPORT
🠶 Transport- refers to a system of carrying
people and goods from one place to another by
land, air or water. It has changed over time.
❖ In ancient times, animals such as horses were
used for travelling and transporting goods.
❖ In the 1700s, after the steam engine was
developed, travelling and transportation of
goods became easier and faster.
TRANSPORT
🠶 In the 1800s and 1900s, people began
using fuel-powered automobiles for
transport, and soon cars were
manufactured for general public, thus
forever changing the way people
travelled.
🠶 In 1903, Orville and Wilbur Wright,
together known as the Wright brothers,
built the first aeroplane.
🠶 Transport has now become faster and
easier because of the advances in
technology.
 Modes of Transport
🠶 The four modes of transport used by us are
roadways, railways, waterways and airways.
❑ Roadways: Roads play a major role in
connecting different parts of a country or even
different countries.
❑ Different types of vehicles – cars, buses, vans,
motorcycles, scooters, bicycles and rickshaws.
❑ Roadways are a very convenient means for
transporting people and goods on land.
❑ India has a large network of roads connecting
villages, towns and cities.
❑ Roads can be - metalled and kutcha .
 Did you know
🠶 The Grand Trunk Road is one of Asia's oldest and longest major
roads. For more than two millennia, it has linked South Asia with
Central Asia. It runs from Chittagong, Bangladesh west to Howrah,
West Bengal in India, then across Northern India through Delhi,
passing from Amritsar.
🠶 The Golden Quadrilateral is designated as one of the longest
highways in the world. It is basically a network of highways that
connect the four major metropolitan cities of the country in four
directions – Delhi (North), Chennai (South), Kolkata (East) and
Mumbai (West) – thereby forming a quadrilateral, and hence the
name Golden Quadrilateral.
National Highways and State Highways

🠶 In India, national highways connect important

cities in different states while the state highways
connect cities within the same state.
Railways
🠶 Rail tracks have a network of trains
connecting different cities and towns.
🠶 India has one of the largest railway
networks in the world.
🠶 Railways are cheaper and also faster for
long distance transportation. Trains run on
rail lines called tracks which are laid on
land.
🠶 Some superfast trains in India – Shatabdi
Express and the Rajdhani Express travel at
speeds of over 100 km an hour.
🠶 A fast railway system is called the metro,
which runs on a network of both elevated
and underground tracks, runs within many
cities.
 waterways
🠶 The means of transport over water include boats, steamers and ships
of all sizes.
🠶 Water transport is a slower. But a cheaper way to carry heavy goods
over long distances.
🠶 Waterways are mainly of two types- inland(away from the coast)
waterways and sea and oceanic routes.
🠶 India has a wide network of inland waterways in the form of rivers,
backwaters ( a part of a river away from the main port, where water
moves slowly) and canals( a long, narrow stretch of water built for
boats to travel along).
🠶 Major ports of India- Kandla port, Jawaharlal Nehru port (Mumbai),
Cochin Port, Chennai Port, Visakhapatnam Port, Kolkata Port and
Port Blair Port.
Petroleum, oil
and gas are
carried by Cargo ships
tankers to transport heavy or
distant bulky goods such Passenger liners or
countries as iron ore, coal cruise ships carry
and timber from people over seas
one place to and oceans.
another
 Communication

🠶 Communication refers to the

activity or process of expressing
ideas and feelings by speaking,
writing or using some other
medium.
🠶 It involves the act of sharing and
exchanging information with
people.
🠶 The way in which we send and
receive information are called the
means of communication
 COMMUNICATION IN THE PAST
🠶 In prehistoric days, humans had no
written language.
🠶 So, it is difficult to know how they
communicated with one another.
🠶 They may have communicated through
actions and by drawing pictures.
🠶 They also used drums and smoke signals
to communicate with others.
🠶 Much later, people learnt to read and
write.
 MEANS OF COMMUNICATION
🠶 In the modern world, we use highly
developed means of communication .
The different means of communication
are as follows:

❖Postal services:
❖ Letters and parcels can be sent through
postal services.
❖ The postman collects letters and parcels
from the post offices and deliver them to
our homes .
❖ Faster ways of sending letters and
parcels- Speed Post and courier services
🠶 Telephones and mobile phones:
❖ Alexander Graham Bell invented the
telephone in 1876.
❖ It has come a long way since then and
the cordless phones and mobile phones
of modern times are very useful and
handy communication tools.
❖ Nowadays, mobile phones have inbuilt
computers, camera and video camera
as well.
❖ Such advanced phones are called
smartphones.
🠶 Computers:
❖ The use of computers and the World
Wide Web or the Internet has
changed the way we communicate.
❖ Computers help us to run our
business efficiently and perform
calculations in seconds.
❖ Aeroplanes, cars and ships use
computers to monitor geographical
position, fuel usage and engine
temperature. We also communicate
with others through electronic mails
or e-mails
🠶 Mass Media:
❖ Some means of
communication which
communicate news and
information to many people
at the same time is called
mass media.
Media
🠶 The newspapers and magazines act as
a good start to the days of the people.
🠶 Newspapers usually serve as our
mental breakfast and not knowing the
headlines of the day makes people
uneasy.
🠶 Magazines on the other hand, give us a
broader and a more detailed
perspective on different things
happening around us.
🠶 Magazines also have pictorial accounts
of the events that have occurred in the
previous week or month.
🠶 Television has the capacity to reach the
largest number of people in the shortest
possible time. People learn through the eyes
and ears both thus, gain greater knowledge
and understanding of the subject.
🠶 The boom in television industries has not only
affected urban masses but the rural masses
are also fascinated with this media.
🠶 Now this has become one of the most
important media of mass communication for
rural masses.
🠶 It has played a major role in transferring the
latest technological know-how to the rural
people.
🠶 In India where the rural masses are isolated
in villages, the communication is difficult and
challenging, in this situation television is one
of the important sources of mass media which
plays a pivotal role in reaching large number of
people in a very short time.
🠶 Television can bring the world to our door
steps within a second.
 Textbook Exercise
I. Fill in the blanks:
1. land, air and water
2. cheaper and faster
3. metro
4. boats, steamers and ships
5. Air transport
II. Match the following:
6. Ships- carry bulky goods across water bodies
7. Helicopters- useful for carrying food and medicine during floods
8. Telephones- Alexander Graham Bell
9. Speed Post- used to send letters and parcels
10.Track- trains run on these
 Answer the following questions:
1. Define transport. How has it changed over time?
Answer: Transport- refers to a system of carrying people and goods
from one place to another by land, air or water. It has changed over
time. In ancient times, animals such as horses were used for travelling
and transporting goods. In the 1700s, after the steam engine was
developed and 1900s, people began using fuel-powered automobiles for
transport. In 1903, Orville and Wilbur Wright, together known as the
Wright brothers, built the first aeroplane.
2. How are roadways useful? Name a highway network that links
India’s four big cities.
Answer:Roadways are a very convenient means for transporting people
and goods on land. Roads can be built on plains and the mountains .
The Golden Quadrilateral is a highway network that connects four
major cities in India.
3. Write a brief note on waterways. Name any three major ports of
India.
Answer:The means of transport over water include boats, steamers
and ships of all sizes. Water transport is a slower. But a cheaper way
to carry heavy goods over long distances. Waterways are mainly of
two types- inland waterways and sea and oceanic routes. Cochin
Port, Chennai Port and Kolkata Port are three major ports in India.
4. How has communication changed over the years?
Answer: In prehistoric days, humans had no written language. So, it
is difficult to know how they communicated with one another. They
may have communicated through actions and by drawing pictures.
Sending smoke signals and beating drums were other ways in which
the prehistoric humans communicated with each other. Over the
years, languages evolved. The system of communication also
developed over time. Today,, we can connect with people anywhere
in the world within seconds. The development of science and
technology has made modern-day communication very effective.
5. Give any two features of a smart phone that makes it more
advanced than a regular mobile phone.
Answer: A smart phone has all kinds of extra functionalities such
as internet access, the option of downloading apps and a camera
that is often better than a camera that a regular mobile phone
has, if it has one. One has the option of answering emails via a
smartphone and to share photos with friends and family right
away.
6. What is mass media? Name the important means of mass media.
Answer: Some means of communication which communicate news
and information to many people at the same time are called mass
media. Some important means of mass communication are
newspaper, journals, radios, Internet and television.
Think IT Over!(HOTS)

Answer: Sneha’s action is helping the environment

as she cycles and there is no air pollution caused.,
whereas Shalini’s action increases air pollution as
she drives her car even for short distances instead
of cycling or walking.