Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Research Design
Research Design
Research Design
Exploratory Conclusive
Research Design Research Design
Descriptive Causal
Research Research
Cross-Sectional Longitudinal
Design Design
Exploratory Conclusive
Objective: To provide insights and To test specific hypotheses and
understanding examine relationships
Different
Multi Cross- Sample Sample
Sectional Surveyed Surveyed at
Design at T1 T2
Same
Sample
Longitudinal Sample also
Surveyed at
Design Surveyed at
T1
T2
Time T1 T2
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 3-14
Relative Advantages and Disadvantages of
Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Designs
Table 3.4
Detecting Change - +
Large amount of data collection - +
Accuracy - +
Representative Sampling + -
Response bias + -
Table 3.5
Exploratory Research
(a) • Secondary Data Conclusive Research
Analysis •Descriptive/Causal
• Focus Groups
Exploratory
Conclusive Research Research
(c) • Secondary Data
•Descriptive/Causal
Analysis
• Focus Groups
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 3-19
Potential Sources of Error in Research Designs
Total Error
Random Non-sampling
Sampling Error Error
Response Non-response
Error Error
• Executive Summary
• Background
• Problem Definition/Objectives of the
Research
• Approach to the Problem
• Research Design
• Fieldwork/Data Collection
• Data Analysis
• Reporting
• Cost and Time
• Appendices