Anaerobic Respiration 18/03/2024

Key Words: Anaerobic, lactic acid, fatigue, oxygen debt,

fermentation, ethanol, incomplete

Starter: Complete these quiz questions about last lesson.

 Aerobic Respiration
1. What type of reaction is aerobic respiration? a) exothermic
b) Endothermic
2. What reactant in the aerobic respiration equation is C6H12O6?
3. Aerobic respiration happens in… a) Cytoplasm b) Mitochondria
4. Respiration is where energy is made/produced/released
from food.
5. Aerobic respiration needs a) energy b) oxygen c) water d) CO2
6. Aerobic respiration happens with high | low intensity activity
7. All creatures perform aerobic respiration True | False
8. Which cell performs more aerobic respiration? skin | sperm
9. Complete the equation for aerobic respiration
G______ + _________  __________ + _______
10. Plants perform aerobic respiration True | false
 18/03/2024

Key Words: Glycogen, exercise, pulse, heart rate, breathing rate,

supply and demand, oxygen, blood flow, muscle, contraction

Starter: Answer these three review questions below.

1. State what type of reaction aerobic respiration is [1]

2. State the word and balanced symbol

equation for aerobic respiration [3]

3. Using the pictures explain why

respiration is needed [3]
 Review
1. State what type of reaction exothermic [1]
aerobic respiration is [1]

2. State the word

and balanced Glucose + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water + (energy transferred) [1]
C6H12O12 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O [2]
symbol equation
for aerobic
respiration [3]

3. Using the pictures Respiration is need to keep warm [1]

explain why Muscle contraction for movement [1]
respiration is needed Synthesis reactions – building large molecules
[3] from smaller molecules [1]
 LOb: Understand the process of anaerobic respiration in
different organisms.
Learning Outcomes:
Keywords: Anaerobic, lactic  Describe anaerobic respiration
acid, fatigue, oxygen debt, and why it transfers less
fermentation, ethanol, energy than aerobic
incomplete
 Explain fermentation and how
it is different to anaerobic
respiration in humans

 Explain what is meant by

oxygen debt (HT)

Did you know… myoglobin is a protein found in muscle that binds with oxygen –
like haemoglobin in the red blood cell . It stores oxygen in our muscles and releases its
oxygen when we start exercising. This increases the oxygen concentration gradient
between the blood and the muscle allowing better diffusion.
Everyday muscle movements use energy transferred
by aerobic respiration.

Low intensity activities = Predominately aerobic

respiration
When the activity becomes intense your muscles
may run out of oxygen. The normal responses to
exercise can’t supply more oxygen.
When this happens glucose can still be broken down and energy
transferred to the muscle cells. This process is called
anaerobic respiration.
Lower intensity High intensity
would use more would use more
aerobic respiration anaerobic respiration


Oxygen is needed
X
to make energy
aerobically
Where does it happen?
Anaerobic is less efficient because the breakdown of
glucose is incomplete.

“Anaerobic respiration is the use of glucose to release energy

without oxygen”

Glucose  Lactic acid + (energy released)

Anaerobic respiration happens when muscles lack
oxygen e.g. high intensity activities
Anaerobic respiration does NOT require oxygen

Anaerobic respiration produces lactic acid

Anaerobic respiration happens in the cytoplasm

and releases less energy as glucose breakdown
is incomplete.
Activity: Use your notes from aerobic respiration and
compare them with anaerobic respiration and make
a venn diagram.
Aerobic Anaerobic
 LOb: Understand the process of anaerobic respiration in
different organisms.
Learning Outcomes:
Keywords: Anaerobic, lactic  Describe anaerobic respiration
acid, fatigue, oxygen debt, and why it transfers less
fermentation, ethanol, energy than aerobic
incomplete
 Explain fermentation and how
it is different to anaerobic
respiration in humans

 Explain what is meant by

oxygen debt (HT)

Did you know… myoglobin is a protein found in muscle that binds with oxygen –
like haemoglobin in the red blood cell . It stores oxygen in our muscles and releases its
oxygen when we start exercising. This increases the oxygen concentration gradient
between the blood and the muscle allowing better diffusion.
Humans aren’t the only organism that can respire
anaerobically.

Yeast
Micro-
organisms

Bacteria

Plants
Activity: Watch the video and write down how plants and
other organisms do respiration differently to humans.
 Fermentation
Glucose
Carbon Dioxide
Ethanol
Energy

……………..  …………….. +……………..

Fermentation is the process of anaerobic respiration
in yeast. Humans have used this for a long time.
Glucose  ethanol + carbon dioxide

30 000 years ago 10 000 years ago

Humans have been

using CO2 produced Humans have been
by anaerobic respiration using ethanol produced
in yeast to make bread rise. by anaerobic respiration
in yeast to make alcohol.
 Exam Question
2a) Label the reactants and products of the anaerobic
respiration in yeast

c) Describe how humans have used the process of fermentation.

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………[2]
 Review

Ethanol CO2

Anaerobic respiration is different in animal cells because they produce

lactic acid, yeast produce ethanol and carbon dioxide.

c) Describe how humans have used the process of fermentation.

Humans uses CO2 to make bread rise [1]

Humans use ethanol produced by yeast to make alcohol [1]

 LOb: Understand the process of anaerobic respiration in
different organisms.
Learning Outcomes:
Keywords: Anaerobic, lactic  Describe anaerobic respiration
acid, fatigue, oxygen debt, and why it transfers less
fermentation, ethanol, energy than aerobic
incomplete
 Explain fermentation and how
it is different to anaerobic
respiration in humans

 Explain what is meant by

oxygen debt (HT)

Did you know… myoglobin is a protein found in muscle that binds with oxygen –
like haemoglobin in the red blood cell . It stores oxygen in our muscles and releases its
oxygen when we start exercising. This increases the oxygen concentration gradient
between the blood and the muscle allowing better diffusion.
 Experiment

“Investigate whether the speed of

movement affects whether anaerobic
respiration is happening or not. “
Can we match the variable to the pictures
Method: Open and close your weakest hand slowly for 30s

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Method: Open and closed your weakest as fast as possible
for 30s

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1. Write up your experiment explaining
these things

Why was there no pain the first time?

Why was there pain the second time?

Why did it become harder to open and close your hand

EXT: Read about oxygen debt. Explain how this may fit
into our experiment
WHY THE PAIN???
 Muscle Fatigue
When muscles are used vigorously for a long time it can
cause them to become fatigued and stop contracting
efficiently. One cause of this is lactic acid.
 Lactic acid + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water

The oxygen needed to

break down lactic acid is
called the oxygen debt.

The more lactic acid

produced…

…the more oxygen

needed to pay
the greater
debt.
 To pay the debt we need more oxygen, so we continue to breath at a
higher rate post exercise until the lactic acid is converted to glucose.

BR takes longer to
normalise due to
‘oxygen debt’.

Breathing rate (breaths per minute)

165 -
Heart rate (beat per minute)

- 60-

- 45
125 -

- 30

85 - - 15

Rest/anticipation Exercise Recovery

0 15
Time (mins)
 Unfit people produce more lactic acid at any given intensity. They
have a larger oxygen debt at the end of exercise. So breathe more
heavily at the end of exercise.

Measure pulse in the wrist or neck OR

Measure breathing rate in a certain time

Heart rate (beat per minute)

How could we
test fitness?

Unfit

Fit
Rest/anticipation Exercise Recovery

Time (mins)
 Pulse and breathing rate data was
recorded after exercise at different
time intervals. Who is the unfit
individual.

Time Person Person Time Person Person

interval A B Describe how you interval A B

1 160 175 can tell. 3 55 62

3 110 132 Explain the 6 47 52

biological
5 80 100 reason for this 9 40 49
difference
7 70 80 between the two 12 32 41
individuals.
9 65 75 15 25 33
 Pulse and breathing rate data was
recorded after exercise at different
time intervals. Who the unfit
individual.
UNFIT UNFIT
Time Person Person Time Person Person
interval A B interval A B

1 160 175 3 55 62

3 110 132 6 47 52

5 80 100 9 40 49

7 70 80 12 32 41

9 65 75 15 25 33
 Describe how you can tell

Heart rate and breathing rate are increased

at every time interval.

Time Person Person Time Person Person

interval A B interval A B

1 160 175 3 55 62

3 110 132 6 47 52

5 80 100 9 40 49

7 70 80 12 32 41

9 65 75 15 25 33
 Explain the biological
reason for this difference between
the two individuals

Unfit individuals have a less efficient cardiovascular system. They can’t

get more blood to their muscles without a high heart rate and breathing
rate. Unfit individuals produce more lactic acid. They have a higher
oxygen debt so need to breathe more after exercise to repay the debt.
Time Person Person Time Person Person
interval A B interval A B
1 160 175 3 55 62

3 110 132 6 47 52

5 80 100 9 40 49

7 70 80 12 32 41

9 65 75 15 25 33
 LOb: Understand the process of anaerobic respiration in
different organisms.
Learning Outcomes:
Keywords: Anaerobic, lactic  Describe anaerobic respiration
acid, fatigue, oxygen debt, and why it transfers less
fermentation, ethanol, energy than aerobic
incomplete
 Explain fermentation and how
it is different to anaerobic
respiration in humans

 Explain what is meant by

oxygen debt (HT)

Did you know… myoglobin is a protein found in muscle that binds with oxygen –
like haemoglobin in the red blood cell . It stores oxygen in our muscles and releases its
oxygen when we start exercising. This increases the oxygen concentration gradient
between the blood and the muscle allowing better diffusion.
Anaerobic respiration is when energy is transferred from
glucose in the absence of oxygen.

In humans glucose  lactic acid + (energy transferred)

Anaerobic respiration transfers less energy than aerobic

respiration because of the incomplete breakdown of glucose.

Microorganisms and plants perform anaerobic respiration.

Fermentation is anaerobic respiration in yeast.
Glucose  carbon dioxide + ethanol + (energy transferred)

Lactic acid is broken down in the liver using oxygen. The amount
of oxygen needed to break it down is called oxygen debt.
Plenary: Is anaerobic respiration good or bad?