CHAPTER 3

GLOBALIZATION AND
INTERPOL
Objectives:

At the end of this chapter,students should be able to: Know the effects of Globalization
to Law Emforcement. Types of Notices in INTERPOL. Define the ASEANAPOL
Globalization

Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people,

companies, and government of different nations, as process driven by
international trade and investment and aided by information technology.
This process has effects on the environment, on culture, on political systems,
on economic development and prosperity, and on human physical wellbeing
in societies around the world. In economic context, it refers to the reduction
and removal of barriers between national borders in order to facilitate to
flow of goods, capital, services and labor although considerable barriers
remain to the flow of labor.
 Effects of Globalization to Law Enforcement in the Philippines

1. The facilitation of transnational crimes and criminals can be easily achieved.

2. There is a nee for transnational policing. The cooperation among police organization in the world
is vital.
3. Training instructional for incoming law enforcement officers must include advance computer to
prepare them as cyber cops so they can be better prepared to deal with cyber crimes.
4. Development of new strategies to deal with international organized crimes is a must.
5. Provisions of law enforcement with updated legislations related to modernization theory of crime.
Threats to Law Enforcement Brought by Globalization

• International criminal networks have been quick to take advantage of the opportunities resulting from the
revolutionary changes in world politics, technology, and communication that have strengthened
democracy and free markets, brought the world’s nations closer together, and given the some countries
unprecedented security and prosperity.

• Globalization allowed international criminals to expand their networks and increase their cooperation in
illicit activities and financial transactions
• Criminals have taken advantage of transitioning and more open economies to establish front companies
and quasi-legitimate businesses that facilitates smuggling, money laundering, financial frauds, intellectual
property piracy, and other illicit ventures.
• Criminal groups have taken advantage of the high volume of legitimate trade to smuggle drugs, arms, and
other contraband across national boundaries.
• Criminals are able to exploit the complexity of the international system to hide drugs or other contraband
or to conceal the true origin and ownership of cargo within contraband is hidden.
• Through the use of computers, international criminals have an unprecedented capability to obtain, process,
and protect information and sidestep law enforcement investigations. They can use the interactive
capabilities of advanced computer and telecommunications systems to plot marketing strategies for drugs
and other illicit commodities, to find the most efficient routes and methods for smuggling and moving
money or banking security. International criminals also take advantage of the speed and magnitude of
financial transactions and the fact that there are few safeguards to prevent abuse of the system to move large
amounts of money without scrutiny. More threateningly, some criminals organizations appear to be adept at
using technology for counter intelligence purpose and for tracking law enforcement activities.
 Different Police Global Organizations
The different police international associations in the world are
1. ASEAN Chiefs of Police
2. Europol
3. IACP
4. Interpol
5. UN policing
ASEAN Chiefs of Police established in 1998
Member of countries of ASEAN CP
• Indonesia • Darussalam
• Malaysia • Vietnam
• Philippines • Lao PDR
• Singapore • Myanmar
• Thailand • Brunei
• Cambodia
Objectives of ASEANAPOL
1. Enhancing police professionalism
2. Forging stronger regional co-operation in police work and promoting lasting friendship among the
police officers of ASEAN countries.

EUROPO
L
It means European Police Office or Europol
Europal is the European Union’s criminal intelligence agency. It became fully operational on 1 July 1999

Aim of Europol

Europol’s aim to improve the effectiveness and co-operation between the competent authorities of the
member states primarily by sharing and pooling intelligence to prevent and combat serious international
organized crime. Its mission is to make a significant contribution to the European Union’s law
enforcement efforts targeting organized crime.
Mission of Europol

The mission of Europol is to make a significant contribution to the European Union’s law enforcement
action against organized crime and terrorism with an emphasis on targeting criminal organizations.

Europol Assist Member States Investigations

• Europol supports the law enforcement activities of the member states by:
• Facilitating the exchange of information between Europol and Europol Liaison Officers (ELO’s) are
seconded the Europol by the Members States as representatives of their national law enforcement
agencies, thus they are not under the command of Europol and its Director as such. Furthermore, they act
in accordance with their national law.
• Providing operational analysis and support to Member States operations;
Providing expertise and technical support for investigations and operations carried out within the EU,
under the supervision and the legal responsibility of the Member States;
• Generating strategic reports (e.g. threat assessment) and crime analysis on the basis of information and
intelligence supplied by Member States or gathered from other sources.
Europol’ss mandate

Europols supports the law enforcement activities of the member states mainlyagainst:
■ Illicit drug trafficking
■ Illicit immigration networks;
■ Terrorism; Forgery of money (counterfeiting of the euro) andother
■ means of
■ payment;
■ Trafficking in human beings (including child pornography);
■ Illicit vehicle trafficking;
■ Money laundering
Europol only act on request
Yes, Europol only acts on request at present. However, the Protocol of the28 November
2002 amending the Europol convention, allows Europol to request the competent
authorities of the Member States to investigate. Article3 b) of the Protocol states that
“Member States should be deal with any request from Europol to initiate, conduct or co-
ordinate investigations in specific cases and should give such requests due consideration.
Europol should be informed whether the requested investigation will be initiated”.
What is the added value of having Europol as a European law enforcement agency?
There are numerous advantages for the European law enforcement community. Europol is
unique in this field as it is multi-disciplinary agency, comprising not only regular price
officers but staff members from the various law enforcement agencies of the Member States
and covering specialized areas such as customs, immigration services, intelligence services,
border and financial police
IACP
It stands for International Association of Chiefs of Police. The International Association of Chiefs of Police
is the world’s oldest and largest nonprofit membership organization of police executives, with over 20,000
members in over 80different countries. IACP’s leadership consists of the operating chief executes of
international, federal, state and local agencies of all sizes.

What are the Missions of IACP?

The IACP shall
1. Advance professional police services;
2. Promote enhanced administrative, technical, and operational police practices, foster cooperation and the
exchange of information and experience among police leaders and police organizations of recognized
professional and technical standing throughout the world.
 Interpol
■ Interpol is the short form of International Criminal Police Organization. It began in 1923, and at the same
time its name was International Criminal Police Commission. In 1956, its name became International
Criminal Police Organization. The word Interpol was a short of International Criminal Police Organization.
This short form served as the address to receive telegrams. Slowly, the name of this international
organization became famous as Interpol. Now, Interpol is the second biggest international organization; the
United Nations is the first. Some important information about Interpol:
■ Interpol is crime fighting organization, just like your local police department. Instead, they help other
member countries that need to co-operate by connecting all members of Interpol by a network of files of
criminals and cases if any of Interpol’s 182 nations need them.
What does INTERPOL need?
■ Interpol records any information about something that was in a criminal case, ex: information on
criminals, type of crime, vehicles, anything to help any police officer with information about a certain
crime.
Why was Interpol created?
■ The countries in Europe needed a co-operation between countries. This was needed because criminals
would commit crimes in one country in Europe and then skip to another country to avoid prosecution.
Since Europe is tightly packed continent, police didn’t have enough time to catch criminals, and the idea
was
What UN Police Do?
One of the objectives of the Philippine National Police Officers being deployed in the UN mission is for
mentoring other law enforcement of foreign countries like East Timor and Kosovo. Assistance to host-state
police and other law enforcement agencies. United Nations Police Officers support the reform, restructuring
and rebuilding of domestic police and other law enforcement agencies through training and advising. Direct
assistance is also provided, often through trust funds, for the refurbishment of facilities and the procurement
of vehicles, communication equipment and other law enforcement material. Such assistance has been
provided in the past, for example, by the police components of peace operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Burundi, Cote dlvoire, Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, Kosovo, Liberia and Sierre Leone.
INTERPOL aims to facilitate international police co-operation even where diplomatic relations do not exist
between particular countries. Action is taken within the limits of existing laws in different countries and in the
spirit of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Interpol’s constitution prohibits ‘any intervention or
activities of a political, military, religious or racial character.

Interpol’s Four Core Functions

Interpol’s activities are guided by the following four core functions:

Secure global police communication services

Interpol’s global police communications system, known as I-24/7, enables police in all member countries to
request, submit and access vital data instantly in a secure environment.

Operational data services and databases for police

Member countries have direct and immediate access to a wide range of databases including information on
known criminals, fingerprints, DNA profiles and stolen or lost travel documents. INTERPOL also
disseminates critical crime-related data through a system of international notices.
 Operational police support services
INTERPOL provides law enforcement officials in the field with emergency support and operational
activities, especially in its priority crime areas. A Command and Co-ordination Centre operates 24 hours
a day, seven days a week and can deploy an Incident Response Team to the scene of a serious crime or
disaster

Police training and development

INTERPOL provides focused police training initiatives withthe aim of enhancing the capacity of
member countries toeffectively combat transnational crime and terrorism. This includes sharing
knowledge, skills and best practices in policingand establishing global standards.
 The seven types of notices and their objectives
■ Red Notice To seek the arrest or provisional arrest of wanted persons with view to extradition. Yellow
Notice To help locate missing persons, often minors
■ Blue Notice To collect additional information about a person’s identity or activities in relation to a crime.
■ Black Notice To seek information on unidentified bodies
■ Green Notice To provide warnings and intelligence about persons who have committed criminal offences
and are likely to repeat these crimes in other countries.
■ Purple Notice To provide information on modus operandi, procedures, and hiding places used by
criminals. To warn of an event, a person, an object or a process representing a serious and imminent threat
to public safety.
 Interpol’s Leadership and Governance
pol’s Leadership and Governance The President of INTERPOL and the Secretary General work closely
together in providing strong leadership and direction to the Organization

Interpol’s Structure
■ As defined in Article 5 of its Constitution, INTERPOL (whose correct full name is 'The
International Criminal Police Organization – INTERPOL’) comprises the following:
■ General Assembly
■ Executive Committee
■ General Secretariat
■ National Central Bureaus
■ Advisers
■ The Commission for the Control of Interpol’s Files

The General Assembly and the Executive Committee form the organization’s Governance.
General Assembly
Compose of delegates appointed by the governments of Member Countries. As Interpol’s
supreme governing body, it meets once a year and takes all the major decisions affecting general
policy, the resources needed for international co-operation, working methods, finances and
program of activities. It also elects the Organization's Executive Committee. Generally speaking,
the Assembly takes decisions by a simple majority in the form of resolutions. Each Member State
represented has one vote.
Executive Committee
The Executive Committee is Interpol’s select deliberative organ which meets three times a year,
usually in March, July and immediately before the General Assembly. Its role, in accordance with
Article 22 of the Constitution, is to:
■ supervise the execution of the decisions of the General Assembly
■ prepare the agenda for sessions of the General Assembly
■ submit to the General Assembly any program of work or project which it considers useful
■ Supervise the administration and work of the Secretary General.
In accordance with Article 15 of the Constitution, the Executive Committee has 13 members comprising
the president of the organization, 3 vice-presidents and 9 delegates. These members are elected by the
General Assembly and should belong to different countries; in addition, the president and the 3vice-
presidents must come from different regions.
The president is elected for 4 years, and vice-presidents for 3. They are not immediately eligible for re-
election either to the same posts, or as delegates to the Executive Committee.
Voting is by secret ballot. A two-thirds majority is required for the election of the president. If this
majority is not obtained after the second ballot, a simple majority is then sufficient. Vice-Presidents and
delegates are elected on a simple majority. Each member state has one vote; those member states
attending the General Assembly are eligible to take part in the election, providing they are not prevented
from doing so under Article 52 of the General Regulations
Composition of the Executive Committee
■ President
■ Vice Presidents
■ Delegates
The former Filipino President of INTERPOL in 1980 – 1984 – Jolly R. Bugarin (Philippines)
General Secretariat
Located in Lyon, France, the General Secretariat operates 24hours a day, 365 days a year and is run by the
Secretary General. Officials from more than 80 countries work side-by-side in any of the Organization’s
four official languages: Arabic, English, French and Spanish. The Secretariat has seven regional offices
across the world; in Argentina, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, El Salvador, Kenya, Thailand and Zimbabwe,
along with Special Representatives at the United Nations in New York and at the European Union in
Brussels.
Secretary General
The Secretary General of the Organization is appointed by the General Assembly for a period of 5 years.
He may be re-elected.
The Secretary General is effectively the Organization’s chief full-time official. He is responsible for seeing
that the day-to-day work of international police co-operation is carried out, and the implementation of the
decisions of the General Assembly and Executive Committee.
National Central Bureaus (NCB) - Each INTERPOL member country maintains a National Central Bureau
staffed by national law enforcement officers. The NCB is the designated contact point for the General
Secretariat, regional offices and other member countries requiring assistance with overseas investigations
and the location and apprehension of fugitives

Advisers – these are experts in a purely advisory capacity, who may be appointed by the Executive
Committee and confirmed by the General Assembly.

Commission for the Control of Interpol’s Files (CCF) – this is an independent body whose mandate is
threefold:
■ to ensure that the processing of personal information by INTERPOL complies with the Organization's
regulations,
■ to advise INTERPOL on any project, operation, set of rules or other matter involving the processing
of personal information and
■ To process requests concerning the information contained in Interpol’s files.
 INTERPOL 188 Member Countries
Afghanistan | Albania | Algeria | Andorra | Angola | Antigua&Barbuda | Argentina | Armenia | Aruba |
Australia | Austria| Azerbaijan Bahamas | Bahrain | Bangladesh | Barbados | Belarus | Belgium | Belize |
Benin | Bhutan | Bolivia | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Botswana | Brazil | Brunei | Bulgaria | Burkina- Faso |
Burundi Cambodia | Cameroon | Canada | Cape Verde| Central African Republic | Chad | Chile | China |
Colombia| Comoros | Congo | Congo (Democratic Rep.) | Costa Rica | Côted'Ivoire | Croatia | Cuba |
Cyprus | Czech Republic Denmark |Djibouti | Dominica | Dominican Republic Ecuador | Egypt | El
Salvador | Equatorial Guinea | Eritrea | Estonia | Ethiopia Fiji | Finland | Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia Gabon| Gambia | Georgia | Germany | Ghana | Greece | Grenada| Guatemala | Guinea | Guinea
Bissau | Guyana | France Haiti | Honduras | Hungary Iceland | India | Indonesia | Iran | Iraq | Ireland| Israel
| Italy Jamaica | Japan | Jordan Kazakhstan | Kenya | Korea(Rep. of) |Kuwait | Kyrgyzstan Laos | Latvia |
Lebanon | Lesotho| Liberia | Libya | Liechtenstein | Lithuania | Luxembourg Madagascar | Malawi |
Malaysia | Maldives | Mali | Malta | Marshall Islands | Mauritania | Mauritius | Mexico | Moldova |
Monaco| Mongolia | Montenegro | Morocco | Mozambique | Myanmar Namibia | Nauru | Nepal |
Netherlands | Netherlands Antilles | New Zealand | Nicaragua | Niger | Nigeria | Norway Oman Pakistan|
Panama | Papua New Guinea |Paraguay | Peru | Philippines | Poland | Portugal Qatar Romania | Russia |
Rwanda St Kitts &Nevis | St Lucia | St Vincent & the Grenadines | Samoa | San Marino | Sao Tome &
Principe | Saudi Arabia | Senegal | Serbia| Seychelles | Sierra Leone | Singapore | Slovakia | Slovenia|
Somalia | South Africa | Spain | Sri Lanka | Sudan | Suriname| Swaziland | Sweden | Switzerland | Syria
Tajikistan | Tanzania| Thailand | Timor - Leste | Togo | Tonga | Trinidad & Tobago| Tunisia | Turkey |
Turkmenistan Uganda | Ukraine | United Arab Emirates | United Kingdom | United States | Uruguay |
Uzbekistan Vatican City State | Venezuela | Vietnam Yemen Zambia| Zimbabwe
Sub Bureaus
United Kingdom: Bermuda | Gibraltar | Cayman Islands | Anguilla| Montserrat|BVirgin Islands | Turks and
Caicos
United States: Puerto Rico | American Samoa
China: Hong Kong, Macao
The official abbreviations
■ O.I.P.C - Stands for Organization internationale de police criminelle’
■ ICPO - Stands for International Criminal Police Organization’.

The official name is 'ICPO-INTERPOL’

The word 'INTERPOL' is a contraction of 'international police', and was chosen in 1946 as the telegraphic
address. In 1956, the International Criminal Police Commission changed its name to become the
International Criminal Police Organization - INTERPOL
The Emblem
The emblem, in use since 1950, comprises the following elements:
The GLOBE represents the worldwide activities of the ‘INTERPOL
■ The olive branches in either sides of the globe symbolize PEACE
■ the name 'INTERPOL' below the globe in the center of the olive branches
■ The Vertical Sword behind the globe, representing police action
■ The Scales below the olive branches symbolize JUSTICE
The flag
The flag has been in use since 1950, it has a light-blue background the emblem is in the center the four
lightning flashes arranged symmetrically around the emblem represent telecommunications and speed in
police action
Background to the organization's distinctive signs
■ At the 1947 General Assembly session in Paris, it was recommended that all member states adopt the
name 'INTERPOL' as the telegraphic address (Resolution/16/RES/12)
■ At the 1949 General Assembly session in Berne, theorganization (then known as the International
Criminal Police Commission) adopted the INTERPOL emblemandflag
■ At the 1956 General Assembly session in Vienna, the name'International Criminal Police Organization'
was adopted
■ At the 1958 General Assembly session in London, member states were asked to take measures to protect
the word'INTERPOL' (AGN/27/RES/1)
■ At its 1961 session in Copenhagen, the General Assembly recommended that members take further
measures toprotect the name 'ICPO-INTERPOL' from unauthorized use(AGN/30/RES/6)
■ At the 1972 General Assembly session in Frankfurt, Indonesia proposed that Interpol’s emblem be
modified sothat all regions would be represented.
■ At the 1973 General Assembly session in Vienna, theemblem was modified, and now depicts all the
regions of the world