HEMORRHAGE 1

Dr. Muhammad Waqas (Ph.D.)

Assistant Professor (Clinical Veterinary Medicine)
Department of Veterinary Medicine,
Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences,
University of Poonch Rawalakot
What is hemorrhage? 2

•An escape of blood from a ruptured

blood vessel either internally or
externally
•Loss of whole blood from the
vascular system characterized by
anemia and circulatory failure
3
 Etiology
• Laceration/traumatic rupture of
any large blood vessel resulting in
escape of blood in or outside of
the body
• Abomasal ulcers
• Rupture of middle uterine artery
during dystocia or uterine torsion
• Rupture of ventricular wall in
case of traumatic pericarditis
4
• Extensive hemorrhage during surgical
procedures
• Broken horn
• Castration by open method
• Massive infestation of blood sucking
parasites
• Coccidiosis
• Bleeding neoplasms
• Erosion of carotid artery by guttural
pouch mycosis in horses
Clinical Signs 5

• Subnormal body • Anemic hypoxia

temperature • Recumbency
• Cold extremities
‫ست‬ • Tachycardia
• Lethargy (‫) س ی‬ • Weak pulse
• Muscular weakness • Pale mucous
• Staggering membranes
Clinical Pathology 6

• History of external evidence of

hemorrhage for confirmatory diagnosis.
• Abdominocentesis / thoracentesis is
required for hemoperitonium and
hemothorax
Necropsy Findings 7

• Thin watery blood and extremely paller

of mucosa in animals died of severe
hemorrhage
• In case of internal bleeding, unclotted
blood may be found in the peritoneum
or thoracic cavity
Treatment 8

• First aid:
• Control of external bleeding by pressure wraps, ligatures, artery
forceps and styptics i.e. Alum, Tr. Benzoin Co
• Control of internal bleeding; Inj Vitamin K, Transemic acid (Inj
Transamin)
• Supportive treatment
• Whole blood transfusion in case of severe hemorrhagic anemia.
• Chronic blood loss should be treated with iron preparations.
• Folic acid and Vit. B-Complex for improving hemopoisis.
• Acute hypovolemic shock should be treated with IV
administration of crystalloid sodium solution @ 20-40ml/kg
Various brands of syrups containing iron 9