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By Nvs Teacher Coordination Compounds
By Nvs Teacher Coordination Compounds
By
D.GAYATHRI DEVI,PGT-CHEMISTRY,
JAWAHARNAVODAYA VIDYALAYA,N.R.PALLI.
CLASSIFICATION OF SALTS
• A salt is formed by the neutralization of
an acid by a base.
There are different types of salts. They
are:-
a) Simple salt
b) Molecular (or) addition
compounds
A)SIMPLE SALT
• A simple salt is formed by the
neutralization of an acid by a base.
• KOH + HCl → KCl + H2O
• Normally, a simple salt ionizes in water
and produces ions in solution.
• The solution of the simple salt exhibits
the properties of its component ions.
MOLECULAR (OR) ADDITION COMPOUNDS
Complex anion
• In K4[Fe (CN)6] the individual
components lose their identity.
• The metal of the complex ion is not
free in solution unlike metal in
double salt in solution.
DOUBLE SALTS COORDINATION COMPLEX
Co-ordinate complexes a
They completely ionise in
incompletely ionizable in
aqueous solutions and
the aqueous solutions.
each ion in the solution
These give a complexion
gives the corresponding
which does not show
confirmatory test.
complete ionization.
Example: Potash Alum is
• Example: Potassium
double sulphate
Ferrocyanide. [K4Fe(CN)6]
K2SO4.Al2 (SO4)3.24H2O
ionizes to give K +
and
on Ionization it gives:K ,
+
[Fe(CN) ]−4
[ferro cyanide
SO4 and Al ions which
−2 +3 6
Chemistry of
Coordination
Compounds
OPTICAL ISOMERISM
Enantiomers
A molecule or ion that exists as a pair of
enantiomers is said to be chiral.Each
form is called –Laevo(l-) and dextro(d-)
Laevo(l-) dextro(d-)
VALENCE BOND THEORY (VB THEORY)
It primarily the work of Linus Pauling
The postulates of valence bond theory:
The central metal atom/ion makes available
a number of vacant orbitals equal to its
coordination number. These vacant orbitals
form covalent bonds with the ligand orbitals.
A covalent bond is formed by the overlap of
a vacant metal orbital and filled ligand
orbitals. This complete overlap leads to the
formation of a metal ligand,σ (sigma) bond.
VALENCE BOND THEORY (Continued)
A strong covalent bond is formed only when
the orbitals overlap to the maximum extent.
This maximum overlapping is possible only
when the metal vacant orbitals undergo a
process called ‘hybridisation’. A hybridised
orbital has a better directional characteristics
than an unhybridized one.
The following table gives the coordination
number, orbital hybridisation and geometry
Coordination Types of Geometry
number hybridization
2 Sp Linear
4 sp3 Tetrahedral
6 d2sp3 Octahedral
6 sp3d2 Octahedral
MAGNETIC MOMENT
A species having at least one unpaired
electron, is said to be paramagnetic.
• It is attracted by an external field. The
paramagnetic moment is given by the
following spin-only formula.
• BM
• μs = spin-only magnetic moment , n=number
of unpaired electrons
[Co(NH3)6] 3+
• The sum of the number of electrons, donated by all ligands and those present
on the central metal ion or atom in complex is called as effective atomic
number (EAN).
• • Generally EAN of central metal ion will be equal to the number of electrons in
the nearest noble gas.
• • If the EAN of the central metal is equal to the number of electrons in the
nearest noble gas then the complex possess greater stability.
• EAN = [(atomic number of central metal) – (the oxidation state of the metal) +
(the number of electrons gained by the metal from the ligands through co-
ordination)]
• EAN= [Z metal – (ox.state of the metal) + 2(coordination number of the metal)].
• for example.
[Co(NH3)6]3+ →EAN = [27 – 3 + 2(6)] = 36