DE LA SALLE UNIVERSITY-DASMARIÑAS

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE AND TECHNOLOGY

ARCHITECTURE PROGRAM
DAILY GOSPEL
Gospel, Luke 14:1-6

Now it happened that on a Sabbath day he had

gone to share a meal in the house of one of the
leading Pharisees; and they watched him
closely.
Now there in front of him was a man with
dropsy,
and Jesus addressed the lawyers
and Pharisees with the words, 'Is it against
the law to cure someone on the Sabbath, or
not?' But they remained silent, so he took
the man and cured him and sent him away.
Then he said to them, 'Which of you here, if
his son falls into a well, or his ox, will not pull
him out on a Sabbath day without any
hesitation?'
And to this they could find no answer.
LASALLIAN
PRAYER

Father in heaven, God of love, all I have and am is

yours.
Grant that I may become a living sign of your
compassion in this world.
Grant me the faith to live my life,
always in the awareness of your loving presence.
Grant me zeal to serve without thought of reward,
those to whom you send me.
Grant me charity to bear the burdens of my brothers
and sisters.
Teach me to seek your Son’s face, in the last, the lost,
and the least.
In whatever I undertake, may I seek above all things,
to procure your glory,
as far as I able, and as you will require of me.
Strengthen me by your Holy Spirit, to follow Jesus by
living
the commitment I make this day.
Amen .
St. John Baptiste de la Salle, pray for us.
TOPIC LEARNING
OUTCOMES
Delineate the part played by the history in the building industry in
particular and society in general.

Understand the need for studying the past in delivering the

architect’s services.

Remember and understand the mutual reinforcement of culture and

architecture reflected in the thoughts of the times.

Evaluate the gained knowledge and insights in the history of

human community with special emphasis on the structures built in
the earliest periods of architecture.
HISTORY OF GREEK
ARCHITECTURE 1
JOEL VIVERO RICO, FPIA, UAP
Architectural Historian
ARCH115
GREECE
Origin and
Evolution
The Ancient Greek architecture,
as we know it, by the Greek-
speaking people
whose culture flourished on the
Greek mainland, has been studied
for ages now as a preliminary
part of architectural history.
Ancient Greek Architecture is
one of the very first architectural
styles that still dominates around
the world. 600BC marks the start
of the Ancient Greek This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

Architecture.
GEOGRAPHY AND
MATERIALS
The geography of Greece has highly affected the Ancient Greek
Architecture & Art. The nature of the Greek mainland and islands is
very rocky, with deeply indented coastline, and rugged mountain
ranges, with few substantial forests.
The most abundantly available building material in Greece has been
stone. Moreover, limestone was readily available and easily workable.
Therefore, it is abundantly used in majority of Ancient Greek
Architecture Buildings.
There has also been an abundance of high-quality
white MARBLE, both on the mainland and islands,
especially Paros and Naxos. Therefore, both architectural and sculptural
details can be evidently seen in marble, making it an integral part of
Ancient Greek Architecture.
Deposits of high-quality potter’s clay can also be found throughout
Greece, with an abundance near Athens. Therefore, it was used not only
for pottery vessels but also for roof tiles (Terracotta) and architectural
decoration.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
HISTORY
Greek civilization was divided by the historians into two eras.
• The Hellenic period
• The Hellenistic period

The Hellenic period started from around 900 BC and lasted until the death of
Alexander the Great in 323 BC. During this period, substantial works of
architecture began to appear around 600 BC.
The Hellenistic Period started from 323 BC and lasted till 30 AD. During this
period, the Ancient Greek Architecture and Art spread to other lands as a result
of Alexander’s conquests.
 This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

FROM The Ancient Greek Architecture characteristics spread

furthermore with the rise of the Roman Empire, which
GREECE TO adopted much of the Greek culture.
ROME
ART AND
CULTURE

The art scene of Greek culture

started evolving from pottery,
which gave a sense of proportions,
symmetry, and balance. The
decorations were majorly
geometric and ordered neatly into
zones, on defined areas of each
vessel.
 The use of the human figures
as the major decorative motif
grew.
This depicted the relevance
of human scale and figures in
art and architecture.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

There was a development towards idolized, yet
life-like depictions of gods in human form. This
development had a direct effect on the sculptural
decoration of Ancient Greek Temples.
Some of the most prominent examples are the
lost “Chryselephantine Statues of Zeus” at the
Temple of Zeus at Olympia, and “Athena” at the
Parthenon, Athens, both of which were over 40
feet high.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

TYPES OF ANCIENT GREEK
ARCHITECTURE BUILDINGS
Domestic and Public Buildings

“Oikos” was the name given to Ancient

Greek houses. The earliest houses were
simple structures of 2 rooms, with an
open porch, called “pronaos”.
A low-pitched gable or pediment rested
above the pronaos. The temples of
Ancient Greek Architecture also drew
influence from these houses.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

City houses were built close to each
other. They were usually grouped into
small blocks by narrow streets. These
houses were inward-facing, with major
openings looking onto the central
courtyard, rather than the street.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

PUBLIC BUILDINGS
The best know form of Ancient Greek Architecture buildings were the rectangular temples. Temples
served as the location of a cult image, a storage place, and a strong room for devotees’ offerings.
Most of the Greek temples were oriented astronomically.
The religious precinct holding the temple was known as the “ACROPOLIS.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

THOLOS

Small circular temples

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND

AGORA

During the late 5th and 4th

centuries BC, town planning
came into the scenario too.
Towns such
as Paestum and Priene
followed a regular grid of
paved streets. An “Agora” was
the central marketplace,
surrounded by a colonnade
called “stoa”.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

AMPHITHEATER
Every Greek town had an open-air theatre. The theatre was usually set outside the town in the hills. It had
rows of tiered seating, set in a semicircle around the central performance area called the “orchestra”.
Additionally, behind the orchestra was a low building called the skênê, which served as a store-room, a
dressing-room, and backdrop to the action taking place in the orchestra.
PALAESTRA

Large ancient Greek towns also

had a “Palaestra” or
a gymnasium. It acted as a
social centre for male citizens
which included spectator areas,
baths, toilets, and club rooms.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC

THE ANCIENT GREEK
ARCHITECTURE
ORDERS

Greek architecture Orders are divided

into 3 types; Doric, Ionic, and
Corinthian. This classification was
first described by the Roman
architectural writer, Vitruvius. The
names reflect their regional origins
within the Greek world. The three
orders were easily recognizable by
their capitals. However, they also
governed the form,
proportions,details, entablature, pedime
nt, and the stylobate.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

DORIC ORDER

In the Doric order, the echinus of this column’s capital is like a circular
cushion, rising from the top of the column. It ends at the
square abacus over which rests the lintels.
The echinus is flat and splayed in initial examples; deeper and with a
greater curve in later; and smaller and straight-sided in Hellenistic
examples.
Doric columns have grooves, known as “fluting”. They run through the
length of the column.
Doric columns generally have no bases, except for a few examples in the
Hellenistic period.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

IONIC ORDER

The voluted capital characterizes the

Ionic Orders. The capital also features
curved echinus, similar to that of the
Doric order. However, it has a stylized
ornamentation.
It is surmounted by a horizontal band
that scrolls under to either side.
In plan, its capital is rectangular.
It is designed to be viewed from the
front. However, the capitals at the
corners of buildings have an additional
scroll so as to appear regular on two
adjoining faces. This order
prominently appears in the Ancient
Greek Architecture buildings.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

CORINTHIAN
ORDER

This order grew directly out of the Ionic in the

mid 5th century BC.
It was initially much similar in style and
proportion. However, addition heavily ornate
capitals distinguished it later.
The capital was very much deeper than both the
Doric and the Ionic capital.
They featured elements like a large krater, bell-
shaped mixing bowl, with double rows
of acanthus leaves above, which rose to the
voluted tendrils, supporting the corners of the
abacus.
The plan of the column was no longer a
perfectly square.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC
ARCHITECTURE
OF ANCIENT
GREEK TEMPLES

Ancient Greek temples were

RECTANGULAR and were
ALMOST TWO TIMES AS
LONG AS THEY WERE WIDE.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

Circular forms were also
common for smaller temples.
The smallest temples are less
than 25 metres (approx. 75 ft) in
diameter.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

PARTHENON

A small group of Doric temples,

including the Parthenon, are
between 60–80 metres (approx.
200–260 ft) in length.
TEMPLE
STRUCTURES

The temples rise from a stepped base or

“STYLOBATE”, which elevates the
structure above the ground on which it
stands.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

NAOS

“Naos” was the core of the temple. “Cella” is a

windowless room, within Naos. Cella generally housed
the statue of the god.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

IMPORTANCE OF
GOLDEN RATIO

Ancient Greek Architects used Golden

Ratio in the design of the Ancient
Greek Architecture buildings and
columns. This proportional directly
connects to beauty. Most of the natural
elements like flowers, leaves, fruits,
hurricanes, tree branches, and seashells
follow this magical proportion.
This proportion also reflects in the
growth patterns of many spiral forms
observed in nature, such as rams’ horns,
nautilus shells, fern fronds, and vine
tendrils. Moreover, the above-
mentioned natural features were a
source of decorative motifs that were
part of the Ancient Greek Architecture
Elements.
REFERENCES

https://thearchinsider.com/the-origin-and-evolution-of-ancient-greek-architecture/

https://www.ancienthistorylists.com/greek
-history/top-10-magnificent-ancient-greek-architecture/

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact
=8&ved=2ahUKEwj0i4mqupzzAhWaQN4KHcxXBYMQFnoECAIQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%
2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Ftoah%2Fhd%2Fgrarc%2Fhd_grarc.htm&usg=AOvVaw10_E
BzDgELpXq_j4uDzGEn

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact
=8&ved=2ahUKEwj0i4mqupzzAhWaQN4KHcxXBYMQtwJ6BAhCEAM&url=https%3A%2F
%2Fwww.worldhistory.org%2FGreek_Architecture%2F&usg=AOvVaw3LvI3DXZ903bTho
WsaQVAr

https://www.google.com/url?
sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwj0i4mqupzz
AhWaQN4KHcxXBYMQFnoECD4QAQ&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visual-arts-cork.com
%2Farchitecture%2Fgreek.htm&usg=AOvVaw1oGzv4_dgSJSovWBhlYPHt

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

 ENABLING
ASSESSMENT

Draw in a piece of Bond Paper one GREEK

architectural details write a short
description about it and its location.

And to be submitted in our ENABLING

ASSESSMENT FOLDER.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
ARCHITECTURE PROGRAM