Abubakr mohammed 6 blue

• Why and how did Australia

become a nation?
• Why and how did Australia become a nation? •
How did Australian society change throughout the
twentieth century? • What were the experiences of
Australian Democracy and Citizenship, including the
status and rights of Aboriginal people and Torres Strait
Islanders, migrants, women and children?
Q 1/2
• What was Australia like before
federation ? Separate colonies thought
Australia had their own laws each of these
colonies acted like their own countries
• Who where the significant people involved
in federating Australia ?
• Major general Lachlan Macquarie
• Sir Henry Parkes
• Sir Edmond Barton
• Alfred Deakin
• Vida Goldstein
What is federation

• A federation is related to a country with

independent states which come together and
combine into one country .

Where did this process take place? The process of

Australia becoming a federation took place in the
Australian parliament. On 9 May 1901, the opening of
the first federal parliament took place In Melbourne
the federal parliament would sit temporally in Victoria's
Parliament House, but the opening was held in the near
by royal exhibition building so that more people could
attend it.
When did it occur
The first federal parliament took place at
1901 May 9

Why was Australia federated ? It was

federated because it made it its own nation,
to get its own federal parliament and to have
their
• What were the reasons Australia decided to federate?
• What were the reasons Australia decided to federate?

• The federation gathering convinced the

colonies if they federate then they could
come together and become one and free
and they would be stronger together
• How many British colonies were there in
Australia before 1901?Australia was
created with six different self-governing
colonies for instance New South Wales,
Victoria, South Australia, Queensland,
Western Australia and Tasmania. These
colonies were all under control by the British
people.
What were the advantages and disadvantages of Federation?
Thus Federation would eliminate unwanted foreigners, providing more
employment for Australians. Given Australia’s size, it would be
extraordinary if we were not a federation.

In what year did Australia become a nation? Timeline of the Federation

1889 Premier of New South Wales, Sir Henry Parkes... 1898 Referendums
are held in New South Wales,... 1899 A secret premiers' meeting is held in
January,... 1900 A delegation travels to London in March,... 1901 The
Commonwealth of Australia was founded on January 1st,... 6 more rows...
Who was Australia’s first Prime Minister?
• Who was Australia’s first Prime Minister?After the Commonwealth of
Australia was established on 1 January 1901, Edmund Barton became
the country's first prime minister. On the 29th and 30th of March
1901, the first federal election was held, and Barton's Protectionist
Party secured a majority.
• Why were initial attempts to become a Federation rejected? It would
be costly to accomplish federation, and it would be costly to
administer a federated country. Immigration, trade, and other policies
differed amongst the colonies. Customs tariffs shielded smaller
colonies' factories from commodities manufactured in larger colonies.
• What was the last state to join Australian Federation? Western
Australia was the last colony to make a decision on whether or not to
join Federation. In 1898 and 1899, the other colonies held special
polls or referendums, and the majority of voters in each responded
'yes' to the Constitution Bill, accepting the new Australian
Constitution.
• How many people watched the Australian Federation Ceremony?
60,000 people gathered in Centennial Park on January 1, 1901, to
witness the proclamation of the Federal Constitution, which united six
once sovereign provinces into one Commonwealth of Australia.
Sequence 2

What are the different types of Governments around the world?

• Communism.
• Socialism.
• Oligarchy.
• Aristocracy.
• Monarchy.
• Theocracy.
• Colonialism.
• What are the main features of Australian type of government?
• democracy.

• representative democracy.

• consitution.

• constitutional monarchy.

• federation of states.
• Identify the influences of Britain and the USA on Australian Democracy?The
Australian Constitution established the Federal Government by establishing
Parliament, the Executive Government, and the Judicature (more
commonly known as the Judiciary)—also known as the 'three branches of
government.' However, some of the most important aspects of Australia's
administration (known as parliamentary or responsible government) are
founded on tradition and practise rather than the Constitution.
• What contribution have significant individuals and groups made to the
development of Australian society? The contribution of individuals and
groups to the development of. Australian society, for example in areas such
as the economy, education, science, the arts
Timeline

Australian politician and the first Prime Minister of Australia, as well as

the first Chief Justice of Australia's High Court (1849-1920)

Alfred Deakin was an Australian politician and the country's second

Prime Minister. He was a key figure in the Federation movement, which
took place in 1901.
John Christian Watson was an Australian
politician who served as the country's third
prime minister from April 27 to August 18,
1904.

Sir George Houston Reid, GCB, GCMG, PC, KC

served as Australia's fourth Prime Minister
from 1904 to 1905, having previously served
as Premier of New South Wales from 1894 to
1899.
Because he won so many elections, Andrew Fisher
was the most successful of Australia's early Labor
prime ministers. His administration established the
Commonwealth Bank and implemented defective
pensions.

Joseph Cook was a member of the Labor Party when

he initially entered politics in the 1890s. During his
political career, though, he was a member of
numerous different political parties.
• Billy Hughes, who spent 58 years in state and federal politics,
holds the record for the longest continuous service to
parliament. Hughes served in the federal legislature from
Federation's inception in 1901 until 1952. Prior to that, he
served in the NSW legislature for seven years. For seven and
a quarter years, he served as Prime Minister.
• When Stanley Bruce was 39 years old, he became Prime
Minister of Canada. He was the second-youngest Prime
Minister of Australia. During his tenure as Prime Minister,
the Commonwealth's financial capabilities were gradually
expanded. Bruce served for six and a half years before losing
his seat in the 1929 election.
• Jim Scullin was Australia's first Catholic
Prime Minister, as well as the first Prime
Minister from Ireland and the first Labor
Prime Minister born in the country.

• Prior to entering federal politics, Joe Lyons

served as the Premier of Tasmania. He co-
founded the United Australia Party, which
was in power from 1931 to 1941, and was
one of Australia's longest-serving prime
ministers.
Three of our prime ministers have only been in office for a brief
period of time. If a prime minister dies while in office, a
'caretaker' leader is appointed until a new leader can be
selected. Earle Page, a co-founder of the Country Party, was the
first of these 'caretaker' prime ministers. When Joe Lyons died
in April 1939, he took up the role for three weeks.

Robert Menzies, sometimes known as 'Bob' Menzies or Mr

Menzies, was the longest-serving Prime Minister of Australia.
He served as Prime Minister twice, from 1939 to 1941 and
again from 1949 to 1966, for a total of 18 years and five
months.He proclaimed the declaration of the Second World
War to the Australian people early in his first term in office.
• Arthur Fadden was the only member of the Country Party to
be elected Prime Minister of Australia on a permanent basis
rather than as a caretaker. After Menzies resigned in 1941,
Fadden became Prime Minister, but his administration was
defeated on the House of Representatives floor less than six
weeks later.

• John Curtin, a former newspaper editor, was most known for

his entrance into politics, where he made a name for
himself. He was appointed Prime Minister in late 1941, right
before the Pacific War broke out. Curtin stepped up the war
effort, returning some Australian troops from the Middle
East to protect Australia, and persuading Australians to
accept a long-term defence partnership with the United
States.
• Frank Forde, a Queenslander, was Australia's second
caretaker Prime Minister. His term in office was even brief
than Earle Page's, at only eight days.Forde was John Curtin's
deputy, and when Curtin died, Forde became Prime Minister
until the Labor Party could name a new leader.Joseph
Benedict (Ben) Chifley was chosen as Prime Minister, and he
took office a week later.

• When Prime Minister John Curtin died in office in 1945,

Chifley was elected by the Labor Party to take over the
position, which he inherited after Deputy Leader Frank
Forde served as caretaker prime minister for eight days.
Chifley, who remained Treasurer after the war, implemented
a number of social welfare measures and built a solid
foundation for postwar reconstruction.
• Harold Holt had plenty of time to figure out what it was like
to be Prime Minister after serving as the Liberal Party's
Deputy Leader for ten years under Menzies.When Menzies
retired in 1966, Holt became Prime Minister, and later that
year, he won a landslide win in the polls on the topic of
support for Australia's and the United States' engagement in
the Vietnam War.
• John McEwen was Australia's third caretaker Prime Minister.
After Harold Holt was missing while swimming in severe surf
in 1967, he took over as Prime Minister. McEwen, who had
been the Country Party's leader and Deputy Prime Minister
for nine years, was ousted by the Liberal Party's new pick,
John Gorton, after just 23 days.
• Only one senator, John Gorton, has ever served as Prime Minister. Prime
ministers have traditionally come from the lower chamber, the House of
Representatives. Gorton ran for – and won – a seat in the House of
Representatives shortly after becoming Prime Minister. Gorton was
unpopular with state Liberal premiers because he believed in strong
Commonwealth control over economic management.

• When William 'Billy' McMahon became Prime Minister of Australia, he was

63 years old. He was in government for 21 months and announced the
withdrawal of Australian soldiers from Vietnam at that period. In the 1972
general election, his Liberal–Country Party coalition government, which had
been in office for 23 years, was defeated.
• Whitlam, who had changed Labor's programmes, was eager to
present a programme of social reform to Australia's people after
the Labor Party had been in opposition for 23 years. He abolished
conscription, established new Commonwealth departments
including as Aboriginal Affairs, Environment, and Urban and
Regional Development, and founded the Medibank Scheme,
which provided universal health care.

• Following the contentious dismissal of Gough Whitlam in 1975,

the Governer-General nominated Malcolm Fraser to establish a
government. Fraser swept to victory in the ensuing, closely
contested election. He was Prime Minister for seven and a half
years, making him one of Australia's longest-serving leaders, and
he continued many of the previous government's reform
measures in human rights and judicial concerns.
• The Australian Labor Party won four elections in a row during Bob
Hawke's leadership. Hawke had the best approval rating of any
prime minister since the start of public opinion surveys during his
first time in office. Hawke, a former trade union leader, believed
in consensus governance and was successful in establishing an
accord between industry and labour in the pursuit of economic
progress.

• The founding of the Republican Advisory Committee, the passing

of Indigenous land rights legislation, fostering the process of
reconciliation between Aboriginal and other Australians, and
reform of vocational education and training were among Paul
Keating's efforts while Prime Minister. He had previously
advocated a bold strategy of economic deregulation as Treasurer.
• To become Prime Minister, John Howard had to wait a long
period. He had been a member of parliament for 22 years before
he was elected. Howard became Australia's second-longest-
serving Prime Minister, enacting countrywide gun control laws as
well as substantial improvements in labour relations and taxes
throughout his tenure.

• Kevin Michael Rudd, a former diplomat and veteran Labor Party

member, was elected Australia's 26th Prime Minister in 2007,
defeating John Howard's Liberal–National Party combination in a
general election. Rudd lacked significant factional backing and
was recognised for his policy zeal. This was the first election in
which internet communication technologies played a significant
role, and Rudd's media knowledge paid off in the polls, with a 23-
seat swing to Labor.
.When Julia Eileen Gillard successfully challenged
Kevin Rudd for the Labor Party leadership in 2010,
she became Australia's first female prime minister.
She was the 27th Prime Minister of Australia.

After the Liberal–National Party alliance won the

2013 general election, Anthony John 'Tony' Abbott,
a long-serving and important minister in the former
Howard government, became Australia's 28th Prime
Minister.
• Malcolm Turnbull, a former opposition leader of the
Liberal Party, became Australia's 29th prime minister
after defeating Tony Abbott in a leadership election
in September 2015. Turnbull was a fervent
republican who was elected for the Sydney seat of
Wentworth in the 2004 federal election. He was a
Rhodes scholar, high-profile barrister, and
businessman.

• Scott Following a leadership election on August 24,

2018, John Morrison succeeded Malcolm Turnball as
Prime Minister. He is the 30th Prime Minister of
Australia.
• What were the advantages / disadvantages of being a child around
1900? The disadvantages are that u will not get to see your family
who lives in another country every day on phone they would send
letters to them, but it is very rare for your relatives to get the letters.
Being a kid in the 1900s was great because you got to spend so much
time with your friends because technology wasn't yet created. It
meant that you would spend a lot of time talking, which is a positive
thing. In the 20th century, you would usually take a dose of fish liver
oil each day.