The Internal Audit Process

Seminar

“ BEST PRACTICES IN VALUE-

ADDED AUDITING “

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 The Internal Audit Process
1. Planning 10. Formal Draft
2. Announcement Letter. 11. Final Report
3. Initial Meeting 12. Auditee/Management
4. Preliminary Survey Response
5. Audit Program 13. Auditee Comments
6. Field Audit – Internal 14. Audit Follow-Up
Control Review 15. Follow-up Review
7. Communicating Results 16. Follow-up Report
8. Discussion Draft 17. Internal Audit
9. Exit Conference Report to the Board
18. The Process:
A Collaborative Effort 2
 The Internal Audit Process

Every successful audit is based on sound planning and an atmosphere

of constructive involvement and communication between the client and
the auditor. I see quite a few audit organizations that include a Web-
based explanation to their clients how the audit process works. The
purpose of providing this page is for those audit organizations that have
not explained to their clients how, in general, the audit process works.
It also is designed to provide a resource for sharing tools and
techniques for each of the distinct phases of the audit process.

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 The Internal Audit Process

Although every audit project is unique, the audit proces s is similar for
most engagements and normally consists of four stages: Planning
(sometimes called Survey or Preliminary Review), Fieldwork, Audit
Report, and Follow-up Review. Client involvement is critical at each stage
of the audit process. As in any special project, an audit results in a certain
amount of time being diverted from your department's usual routine. One
of the key objectives is to minimize this time and avoid disrupting ongoing
activities.

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 The Internal Audit Process

Planning

During the planning portion of the audit, the auditor notifies the client of
the audit, discusses the scope and objectives of the examination in a
formal meeting with organization management, gathers information on
important processes, evaluates existing controls, and plans the remaining
audit steps.

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 The Internal Audit Process
Announcement Letter

The client is informed of the audit through an announcement or

engagement letter from the Internal Audit Director. This letter
communicates the scope and objectives of the audit, the auditors
assigned to the project and other relevant information.

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 The Internal Audit Process
Initial Meeting

During this meeting, the client describes the unit or system to be

reviewed, the organization, available resources (personnel, facilities,
equipment, funds), and other relevant information. The internal auditor
meets with the senior officer directly responsible for the unit under
review and any staff members s/he wishes to include. It is important
that the client identify issues or areas of special concern that should be
addressed.

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 The Internal Audit Process
Preliminary Survey

In this phase the auditor gathers relevant information about the unit in
order to obtain a general overview of operations. S/He talks with key
personnel and reviews reports

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 The Internal Audit Process
Internal Control Review

The auditor will review the unit's internal control structure, a process
which is usually time-consuming. In doing this, the auditor uses a
variety of tools and techniques to gather and analyze information about
the operation. The review of internal controls helps the auditor
determine the areas of highest risk and design tests to be performed in
the fieldwork section.

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 The Internal Audit Process
Audit Program

Preparation of the audit program concludes the preliminary review

phase. This program outlines the fieldwork necessary to achieve the
audit objectives

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 The Internal Audit Process
Fieldwork

The fieldwork concentrates on transaction testing and informal

communications. It is during this phase that the auditor determines
whether the controls identified during the preliminary review are
operating properly and in the manner described by the client. The
fieldwork stage concludes with a list of significant findings from which
the auditor will prepare a draft of the audit report.

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 The Internal Audit Process
Transaction Testing

After completing the preliminary review, the auditor performs the

procedures in the audit program. These procedures usually test the
major internal controls and the accuracy and propriety of the
transactions. Various techniques including sampling are used during
the fieldwork phase.

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 The Internal Audit Process
Advice & Informal Communications

As the fieldwork progresses, the auditor discusses any significant

findings with the client. Hopefully, the client can offer insights and work
with the auditor to determine the best method of resolving the finding.
Usually these communications are oral. However, in more complex
situations, memos and/or e-mails are written in order to ensure full
understanding by the client and the auditor. Our goal: No surprises.

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 The Internal Audit Process
Audit Summary

Upon completion of the fieldwork, the auditor summarizes the audit

findings, conclusions, and recommendations necessary for the audit
report discussion draft.

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 The Internal Audit Process
Working Papers

Working papers are a vital tool of the audit profession. They are the
support of the audit opinion. They connect the client’s accounting
records and financials to the auditor’s opinion. They are comprehensive
and serve many functions.

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 The Internal Audit Process
Audit Report

Our principal product is the final report in which we express our

opinions, present the audit findings, and discuss recommendations for
improvements. To facilitate communication and ensure that the
recommendations presented in the final report are practical, Internal
Audit discusses the rough draft with the client prior to issuing the final
report.

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 The Internal Audit Process
Discussion Draft

At the conclusion of fieldwork, the auditor drafts the report. Audit

management thoroughly reviews the audit working papers and the
discussion draft before it is presented to the client for comment. This
discussion draft is prepared for the unit's operating management and
is submitted for the client's review before the exit conference.

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 The Internal Audit Process
Exit Conference

When audit management has approved the discussion draft, Internal

Audit meets with the unit's management team to discuss the findings,
recommendations, and text of the draft. At this meeting, the client
comments on the draft and the group works to reach an agreement
on the audit findings.

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 The Internal Audit Process
Formal Draft

The auditor then prepares a formal draft, taking into account any
revisions resulting from the exit conference and other discussions.
When the changes have been reviewed by audit management and
the client, the final report is issued.

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 The Internal Audit Process
Final Report

Internal Audit prints and distributes the final report to the unit's
operating management, the unit's reporting supervisor, the Vice
President for Administration and other appropriate members of senior
management. This report is primarily for internal management use.
The approval of the Internal Audit Director is required for release of
the report outside of the Company.

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 The Internal Audit Process
Auditee/Management Response

The client has the opportunity to respond to the audit findings prior to
issuance of the final report which can be included or attached to our
final report. However, if the client decides to respond after we issue the
report, the first page of the final report is a letter requesting the client's
written response to the report recommendations.

In the response, the client should explain how report findings will be
resolved and include an implementation timetable. In some cases,
managers may choose to respond with a decision not to implement an
audit recommendation and to accept the risks associated with an audit
finding. The client should copy the response to all recipients of the final
report if s/he decides not to have their response included/attached to
Internal Audit's final report.

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 The Internal Audit Process
Auditee Comments

Finally, as part of Internal Audit's self-evaluation program, we ask

clients to comment on Internal Audit's performance. This feedback
has proven to be very beneficial to us, and we have made changes
in our procedures as a result of clients' suggestions.

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 The Internal Audit Process
Audit Follow-Up

Within approximately one year of the final report, Internal Audit will
perform a follow-up review to verify the resolution of the report
findings.

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 The Internal Audit Process
Follow-up Review

The client response letter is reviewed and the actions taken to resolve
the audit report findings may be tested to ensure that the desired
results were achieved. All unresolved findings will be discussed in the
follow-up report.

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 The Internal Audit Process
Follow-up Report

The review will conclude with a follow-up report which lists the actions
taken by the client to resolve the original report findings. Unresolved
findings will also appear in the follow-up report and will include a brief
description of the finding, the original audit recommendation, the client
response, the current condition, and the continued exposure to Indiana
University. A discussion draft of each report with unresolved findings is
circulated to the client before the report is issued. The follow-up review
results will be circulated to the original report recipients and other
University officials as deemed appropriate.

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 The Internal Audit Process
Internal Audit Annual Report to the Board

In addition to the distribution discussed earlier, the contents of the

audit report, client response, and follow-up report may also
communicated to the Audit Committee of the Board as part of the
Internal Audit Annual Report.

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 The Internal Audit Process
The Process: A Collaborative Effort

As pointed out, during each stage in the audit process preliminary review,
field work, audit reports, and follow-up-clients have the opportunity to
participate. There is no doubt that the process works best when client
management and Internal Audit have a solid working relationship based
on clear and continuing communication.
Many clients extend this working relationship beyond the particular audit.
Once the audit department has worked with management on a project,
we have an understanding of the unique characteristics of your unit's
operations. As a result, we can help evaluate the feasibility of making
further changes or modifications in your operations.

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The Internal Audit Process

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