SPORTS INJURY

MANAGEMENT
 INJURY EVALUATION and DIAGNOSIS
Evaluation
- Happens in the field
- it is to rule out the
presence of a severe injury
or a life- threatening
condition, how to transport
the patient, and the
appropriate first aid while
transporting the patient
Diagnosis
- Happens in the Doctor’s office
- it accounts for all the
information needed to see a
holistic picture of the cause
and severity of the injury such
as patient’s history,
comprehensive physical
examination, special tests etc.
Primary Survey

- It is a quick evaluation if there are

life-threatening injuries present.
- The evaluation needs to consider if the
patient should be moved or transported
immediately to a medical facility.
Life-threatening Sports injury
 Concussion- a traumatic injury that affects the brain function.
It is caused by an impact to the head or body that is associated
with a change in brain function.
Category Description Characteristics

Grade I Mild No loss of consciousness, condition

normalizes in less than 15 minutes.
Grade II Moderate No loss of consciousness, condition
normalizes beyond 15 minutes.
Grade III Severe Loss of Consciousness
Life-threatening Sports injury

 Cardiac Arrest – Individuals are

susceptible to developing cardiac
arrests because of some pre-
existing medical conditions such as
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or
Marfan’s Syndrome.
 Shock – is a condition wherein the
heart continuously pump but blood
does not flow properly due toy a
low blood pressure.
CPR Technique
-It incorporates chest
compressions and rescue breaths
to facilitate blood flow to the
brain and prolong the life of the
person.
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Secondary Survey
 It is performed if the patient is
stable. The goal of the secondary
survey is to determine the
primary injury.
 The goal is to determine the
primary injury, severity, muscle
function, and joint stability, as
well as the location and
mechanisms of injury or the
movement or force that caused
the injury.
Second Survey
 TheInspection or Observation is a passive
component of secondary survey which is usually
performed visually and manually.
 Theresponder should inspect for deformity,
swelling, discoloration, bleeding, and other
possible injury.
Questions that can help in
performing inspection:
1. How is the athlete positioned?
2. Is there an obvious deformity,
bleeding, skin discoloration, etc.?
3. Are there unusual bumps and bruises?
4. Is the bone and joint aligned
normally?
5. Does the athlete complain of more
pain when more pressure is applied?
Questions used to identify the
location of the injury.
1. What body part of the athlete needs support?
2. What body part can he/she not move?
3. Did the athlete feel or hear any popping or
snapping sound?
4. Was there a contact before the athlete
complained of pain?
5. What was the athlete doing before he/ she
complained of pain?
Questions to help when performing
a gross motor check:
1. Can the athlete move the injured limb on his/her
own?
2. Can the athlete move his/her limb throughout its
entire range of motion?
3. Can the athlete sustain the movement when
resistance is applied?
4. Does the athlete limp when he/ she walks?
5. Does the athlete have a problem balancing
his/her weight?
Splints used to Immobilize the
injury
 RigidSplints – it is usually
made of tough materials
such as wood, plastic, and
plaster of Paris.
Splints used to Immobilize the
injury
 SoftSplints – these are
splints made up of pillows
Newspaper, and air splints.
Splints used to Immobilize the
injury
 Anatomical splint – it is an
immobilization technique
wherein the object that
restricts movement is
another body part of the
injured athlete
Principles of Immobilization
1. Immobilize the limb in a position that is
least painful or in the position it was found.
2. Take not of any changes in skin color,
temperature, and sensation.
3. Include the joint above and below the
fractured bone in the splint.
4. Leave fingers and toes uncovered.
5. Apply it firmly without discomfort.
6. When using an elastic bandage, apply
consistent tension.
The PRICE principle
Managing Chronic Injuries
 StageI – overuse injuries are
managed by reducing the
workload and performing
corrective exercises.
- it is also important to work on
the correct technique to reduce
the chances of aggravating the
injury.
Managing Chronic Injuries
 Stage
II – overuse injuries usually complain
when pain becomes intolerable and
worsens during the activity.
-the athlete will not necessarily stop from
training but will be advised to lessen the
workload and intensity.
Managing Chronic Injuries
 Stage III – it is recommended that training
stop immediately until the inflammation
subsides completely. This may take several
weeks to several months depending on the
tissue that was damaged.
Seatwork
1. Which should be addressed first in wound
care: bleeding or infection?
2. What is heat stroke?
3. What can we do to prevent us from having
heat stroke?