INTERACTIONS OF LIVING

THINGS WITH THEIR

ENVIRONMENT
COMPONENTS OF
AN ECOSYSTEM

• ECOLOGIST divide biosphere into smaller

units called ECOSYSTEM.
 ECOSYSTEM

• ECOSYSTEM is where organisms interact

with one another and with their environment.
• Within an ecosystem, each type of organism
has a special role, which is called its
NICHE.
 ECOSYSTEM

• NICHE as the behaviour and activity, job or

even the lifestyle of an organism.
ECOSYSTEM
 ECOSYSTEM

• You have noticed that an ecosystem has both

living and non-living components.
• The living components of an ecosystem are
called biotic factors.
 ECOSYSTEM

• BIOTIC FACTORS plants, animals, fungi,

and protists are examples of biotic factors.
 ECOSYSTEM

• The non-living components are called

ABIOTIC FACTORS. These include water ,
soil, temperature, wind, and sunlight.
ECOSYSTEM
 ECOSYSTEM

• A forest ecosystem has many

organisms such as trees, insects, and
birds. Monkeys, deer, bacteria and
fungi may be also present
ECOSYSTEM
 ECOSYSTEM

• These organisms make up a forest

community.
• A COMMUNITY consist of all the
organisms living in an ecosystem
and is composed of different
populations.
 ECOSYSTEM

• A POPULATION refers to all the

organisms of the same species
living in a certain area of an
ecosystem that have the capacity to
interbreed.
ECOSYSTEM
 ECOSYSTEM

• For example, all deer in a forest

community make up the deer
population.
ECOSYSTEM
 ECOSYSTEM

• A desert ecosystem. It usually has

scorpions, rattlesnakes, cacti, and
many other organisms.
 ECOSYSTEM

• For example a cacti live on dry,

rocky ground. The place where an
organism or a population lives
within an ecosystem is referred to as
habitat.
 ECOSYSTEM

• HABITAT is an organisms address.

For example, the habitat of a bird is
its nest and the area around it.
• It contains all the biotic an abiotic
factors the bird needs to live.
ECOSYSTEM