Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Digital Signal Processing Fundamentals
Digital Signal Processing Fundamentals
Digital Signal Processing Fundamentals
(DSP)
Fundamentals
Overview
• What is DSP?
• Converting Analog into Digital
– Electronically
– Computationally
• How Does It Work?
– Faithful Duplication
– Resolution Trade-offs
What is DSP?
• Converting a continuously changing
waveform (analog) into a series of discrete
levels (digital)
What is DSP?
• The analog waveform is sliced into equal
segments and the waveform amplitude is
measured in the middle of each segment
• The collection of measurements make up
the digital representation of the waveform
0.5
1.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
1
2
1 0
0.22
3 0.44
0.64
5 0.82
0.98
7 1.11
1.2
9 1.24
1.27
11 1.24
1.2
13 1.11
0.98
15 0.82
0.64
17 0.44
0.22
19 0
-0.22
-0.44 21
-0.64
-0.82 23
-0.98
-1.11 25
What is DSP?
-1.2
-1.26 27
-1.28
-1.26 29
-1.2
-1.11 31
-0.98
-0.82 33
-0.64
-0.44 35
-0.22
37 0
Converting Analog into Digital
Electronically
SW-6
ladder to switch in the V-6
V-low
Converting Analog into Digital
Electronically
• The output of the
resistance ladder is
compared to the Analog Voltage Comparator
Guess is High
0-volts 0
Binary Search
• New Guess (3):
Analog Digital
5-volts 256
Guess is Low
0-volts 0
Binary Search
• New Guess (4):
Analog Digital
5-volts 256
176
192 − 160 3.42-volts
unknown
+ 160 = 176
2
Guess is High
0-volts 0
Binary Search
• New Guess (5): Analog Digital
5-volts 256
unknown
176 − 160 3.42-volts
168
+ 160 = 168
2
Guess is Low
0-volts 0
Binary Search
• New Guess (6): Analog Digital
5-volts 256
Guess is Low
0-volts 0
(but getting close)
Binary Search
• New Guess (7):
Analog Digital
5-volts 256
Guess is Right On
0-volts 0
Binary Search
• The speed the binary search is
accomplished depends on:
– The clock speed of the ADC
– The number of bits resolution
– Can be shortened by a good guess (but usually
is not worth the effort)
How Does It Work?
Faithful Duplication
150 150
100 100
Amplitude
Amplitude
50 50
0 0
-50 0 10 20 30 40 -50 0 10 20 30 40
-100 -100
-150 -150
Time Time
How Does It Work?
Faithful Duplication
150 150
100 100
Amplitude
50
Amplitude
50
0 0
-50 0 10 20 30 40 -50 0 10 20 30 40
-100 -100
-150 -150
Time Time
How Does It Work?
Resolution Trade-offs
150 150
100 100
Amplitude
Amplitude
50 50
0 0
-50 0 10 20 30 40 -50 0 10 20 30 40
-100 -100
-150 -150
Time Time
How Does It Work?
Resolution Trade-offs
150 150
100 100
Amplitude
50
Amplitude
50
0 0
-50 0 10 20 30 40 -50 0 10 20 30 40
-100 -100
-150 -150
Time Time
How Does It Work?
Resolution Trade-offs
150 150
100 100
Amplitude
50
Amplitude
50
0 0
-50 0 10 20 30 40 -50 0 10 20 30 40
-100 -100
-150 -150
Time Time
How Does It Work?
Resolution Trade-offs
150 150
100 100
Amplitude
50
Amplitude
50
0 0
-50 0 10 20 30 40 -50 0 10 20 30 40
-100 -100
-150 -150
Time Time
How Does It Work?
Resolution Trade-offs
• What conclusions can you draw from the
changes in sampling rate?
• At what point does the waveform get too
corrupted by the reduced number of
samples?
• Is there a point where more samples does
not appear to improve the quality of the
duplication?
How Does It Work?
Resolution Trade-offs