CEE343

Analysis of
Indeterminate
Structures
Force Method using virtual
work
Group 4
 Presented by Group 4
2019333022 Raied Ahmed Nishat

2019333046 Md. Junayed Hosen

2019333058 Md. Sohel Rana

2019333063 Tanmoy Goswami

2019333046 Md. Junayed Hosen

2019333087 Mohsina Faiza Naba

2018333033 Nasir Uddin Ahammed Lizon

2017333060 Chowdhury Sadman Ratul

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, SUST

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 Presented to

Sourav Ray
Associate Professor
Ste
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, SUST

3
 Table of contents

01
Force Method

02
Steps to Solving a
Problem

03Example Problem

4
Force 01
Method

5
The Force Method

When dealing with complex structures that exhibit

indeterminacy, meaning that the internal forces and reactions
cannot be determined solely from the equations of equilibrium,
the force method emerges as a powerful analytical tool. This
method provides a systematic approach to analyze and solve
indeterminate structures by considering the internal forces
within the elements of the structure.
The force method, also known as the flexibility method, is
particularly valuable in addressing structures with redundant
supports or insufficient support conditions.

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Important Formula
For deflection Virtual Work Method is used.

1. D =

Left side downward ⬇ V

Right side upward ⬆ V
Left side anticlockwise ↺ M
Right side clockwise ↻ M

(All these are considered positive)

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Procedure 02
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 Steps to solving a
problem

● Find Degree of Indeterminacy

● Select redundant based on Degree of Indeterminacy
● Find Real and Virtual Moments for sections
● Find ∆D and δD

● Use Compatibility Equation to find redundant reaction

force

● Find the rest of the reactions

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Example 03
Problem

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Analyze the following rigid frame by force method.

2 k/ft

10’

40 k

10’

15’

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 2 k/ft
Solution:
D
C HD

10’ VD
Degree of indeterminacy for rigid frame,

NI = Number of unknown reactions – 3

40 k B
=4−3
=1
10’

1 reaction needs to be chosen as redundant

A

HA

VA
15’

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 Solution: Choosing HD as the redundant,

2 k/ft
2 k/ft
D D’ HD
D C C D’ D
C ∆D
HDδD

VD VD
10’ VD

40 k B = 40 k B
+
B

10’

A A
A
HA HA
HA
VA VA
VA
15’

Compatibility condition: ∆D = HDδD

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Solution: Finding Reactions

2 k/ft
1
D C D
C
VD
VD
B
40 k B
+
A
A HA
HA VA
VA

For Applied Load For Virtual Unit Load

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Solution: Finding Reactions
∑𝑀𝐴 = 0
For Applied Load
⇒ 40x10 + 15 = 0
2 k/ft
⇒

C
⇒

VD
∑𝐹𝑥 = 0
40 k B ⇒ 40 𝐻𝐴 = 0

⇒ 𝐻𝐴 = 40

A
∑𝐹𝑦 = 0
HA
VA ⇒ 41.67 + VA 2x15= 0

⇒ V𝐴 = 11.67

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Solution: Finding Reactions

For Applied Load

2 k/ft

𝟒𝟏.𝟔𝟕
40 k B

A
40

11.67

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Solution: Finding Reactions
∑𝑀D = 0
For Virtual Unit Load
⇒ -1x20 +15 = 0
⇒ 1.33
1
C D

∑𝐹𝑦 = 0
VD
⇒ 0
B
⇒ VD = -1.33

∑𝐹𝑥 = 0
A
HA ⇒ HA 1 = 0
VA
⇒ HA = 1

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Solution: Finding Reactions

For Virtual Unit Load

1
C D

1.33

A
1

1.33

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Solution: Calculation of ∆D
3
3
2 k/ft Sections for finding moments

1
C C D

2 2 3 2 2
𝟒𝟏.𝟔𝟕 3
1.33

40 k B
B

1 1
1 1

A
A
1
40
1.33
11.67

For Applied Load For Virtual Unit Load

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Solution: Calculation of ∆D

M1 3
Section 1-1 2 k/ft
3

1
For Applied Load
𝑥 C C D

∑𝑀 = 0 A 2 2 3
𝟒𝟏.𝟔𝟕
2 2 3
1.33
40
⇒ 𝑀1 = 40 40 k B
B

11.67
1 1
1 1

A
m1 A
1
For Virtual Load 40
1.33
11.67

∑𝑀 = 0 𝑥
For Applied Load For Virtual Unit Load
⇒ m1 + A
1
⇒ m1 =
1.33

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Solution: Calculation of ∆D

M2 3
Section 2-2 2 k/ft
3

1
For Applied Load 40 B
𝑥 C C D

10′
∑𝑀 = 0 A 2 2 3
𝟒𝟏.𝟔𝟕
2 2 3
1.33
40
⇒ 𝑀2 40= 0 40 k B
B

11.67
⇒ 𝑀2 = 400 1 1
1 1

A
m2 A
1
For Virtual Load 40
1.33
11.67

∑𝑀 = 0 𝑥
For Applied Load For Virtual Unit Load
⇒ m2 + A
1
⇒ m2 =
1.33

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Solution: Calculation of ∆D

3
Section 3-3 2 k/ft
3

For Applied Load

2 k/ft 1
C D
σ𝑀=0 C
M3 D
𝑥 3 2 2 3
⇒ M3 + 2 𝑥 – 41.67𝑥 = 0 2 2
𝟒𝟏.𝟔𝟕 1.33
2

⇒M3 + 𝑥 2 − 41.67𝑥 = 0 𝑥 𝟒𝟏.𝟔𝟕

40 k B
B

⇒ M3 = 41.67 𝑥 - 𝑥 2 1 1
1 1

A
A
1
For Virtual Load 40
1.33
11.67

∑𝑀 = 0 D
m3 1
For Applied Load For Virtual Unit Load
⇒ m3 +

⇒ m3 = 𝑥 1.33

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Solution:

Calculation of ∆D
According to principle of virtual work

D =

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Solution:
Calculation of δD
According to principle of virtual work

1 20 2 15
න ሺ𝑥 ሻ𝑑𝑥 + න ሺ−1.33𝑥ሻ2 𝑑𝑥
𝐸𝐼 0 0
+

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Solution:

Compatibility Equation: ∆D = HDδD

∆D = HDδD

⇒ = (-4656.67)

⇒ k ( )

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Solution: ∑𝑀𝐴 = 0
Finding Reactions: ⇒ 40x10 + 15 = 0

2 k/ft
⇒
⇒
25.49
C D

10’
∑𝐹𝑥 = 0
VD
⇒ V𝐴 VD =
40 k B
⇒ VA =
10’ ⇒ VA =

A
HA
∑𝐹𝑦 = 0
VA ⇒ 40 + HA 25.49= 0
15’
⇒ H𝐴 = 14.51

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Solution:
2 k/ft

25.49
C D

10’ 𝟕 . 𝟔𝟖

40 k B

10’

14.51

𝟐𝟐.𝟑𝟐
15’

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 This presentation was made possible with the contribution from the members of group 4

References:

1. Lecture Materials of Sourav Ray, Associate Professor, Department of CEE, SUST

2. Structural Analysis 4th Edition, Aslam Kassimali

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Thanks!

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