LOGICAL REASONING

LESSON 3.4
 REASONING

- It is part of daily life

- In deciding to do certain things,
our decision/s is grounded in
reasons.
 CONJECTURE

It is an educated guess based on

several observations which may
be true or false (conclusions)
 Look for the pattern:

1.
 Look for the pattern:

2. My math teacher is strict. My

previous math teacher is strict. What
can you say about all math teachers?
Math teachers are strict.
___________________
 Look for the pattern:

3. Whenever Jasmine visit her

doctor, she receives excellent
service. This made her believe that
doctors give excellent service.
_______________________
 Logical reasoning:
INDUCTIVE REASONING
- It gathers specific information, usually through
observation and measurement. It formulate
conjecture/s, then draw generalization or conclusion
based on the carefully gathered information.
- Specific to general
 Example of Inductive reasoning:

1. In the sequence 10, 20, 30.., the next terms is 40.

2. John, a math challenger is good in Mathematics. Josh, Joan,
and Bea who are also math challengers are good in
Mathematics. Therefore, all math challengers are good in
Mathematics.
3. The chair in the living room is red. The chair in the dining
room is red. Therefore, the color of the chairs in the house is
red.
 Another examples:
Find the next two terms.
32 __
1. 2, 4, 8, 16, __, 64
(To find the next term, twice the previous
term.) 25 14
2. 50, 49, 46, 41, 34, __, __
-1 -3 -5 -7 -9 -11
(Look at the difference between the numbers)
 ACTIVITY FOR INDUCTIVE REASONING:

Find the next two terms:

1.1, 1, 2, 3, 5, __, __
2.1, 11, 22, 34, 47, __, __
 Logical reasoning:
DEDUCTIVE REASONING
- It uses acceptable facts, proven
theorem as proof to draw a specific
case or situation.
- General to specific
 Example of Deductive reasoning:
1. Sally does not drink soft drinks. Then, it follows that she does not drink
Cola.
2. All numbers ending in 0 or 5 are divisible by 5. Number 35 ends with 5.
Therefore, it must be divisible by 5.
3. Right angles measure 90°. ∠𝐴 is a right angle. Therefore, ∠𝐴 measures
90°.
4. All mathematics challenge contestants are good in mathematics. Jim, Jane
and Jelian are math challenge contestants. Therefore, Jim, Jane and Jelian
are good in mathematics.