READING AND

WRITING SKILLS
MS. RISSEL ANN B. CIOCO
 OBJECTIVES
• familiarize yourself with the different writing patterns in
paragraph development;
• identify the transitional words and phrases in the different
writing patterns;
• write a short paragraph using certain writing pattern; and
• distinguish the uses and the differences of each writing
pattern
INTRODUCTION
READING AND WRITING SKILLS
 INTRODUCTION
Developing one's reading and writing skills
is not easy. Some learners can read but are not able to
express themselves in writing well. You have a lot of
ideas in mind but sometimes you may find it hard to
organize these ideas coherently. However, the good
thing is that there are many ways you can write
effectively.
 WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

This lesson exposes you to how to

develop your writing ability through
the use of the patterns of developing
paragraphs.
 THE PATTERNS OF DEVELOPING
PARAGRAPHS:
LESSON 1: Narration
LESSON 2: Description
LESSON 3: Definition
LESSON 4: Exemplification/Classification
LESSON 5: Comparison and Contrast
LESSON 6: Cause and Effect
LESSON 7: Problem-Solution Essay
LESSON 8: Persuasion
Activity: SET OF EVENTS!
Direction: Read the set of events and rewrite the following
details on your answer sheet to create a coherent story.
 WRITING PATTERNS IN
PARAGRAPH DEVELOPMENT

LESSON 1: NARRATION
 ANALYZE
Let’s analyze the following questions:
1. What words are used to signal the correct sequence of events?
2. How do you think the ideas were able to relate to one another?
3. What do we call these words?
4. How do these words help to create a story?
5. What kind of paragraph were you able to create using the given
details?
 NARRATION
• It tells a story
• It relates an incident or a series of
events that leads to a conclusion or
ending.
• It tells the readers when, where, and
what happened.
Writing a paragraph involves a deep understanding
of how one can achieve well-focused and unified ideas
in a composition.
For example, when students are asked to come up with
a summary of a story, they tend to chop parts of the
story and put it in their summary. If that is so, it leads
to creating unrelated details that do not contribute to
the oneness and clarity of one's summary.
• It is important to use strategies to develop ideas using a
particular pattern. One of these is through narration. A
narrative text contains the plot which gives direction in
making a story.
• In developing narration, the sequential presentation of
events plays an important role. Signal words help create
unified thought and to show the transition of events to the
next. This leads us to focus on the use of the action words
in the story. It also helps to move the story and makes the
story interesting.
• The chronological order of events helps to show the reader how the
story moves.

A narrative paragraph contains action verbs and transition words that

indicate time or sequence. The following are some transition words used
to signal time or sequence order:
• After, next, then, eventually, soon
• First, second, etc.
• Meanwhile, a short time later
• During, at the same time, simultaneously
• Suddenly, instantly, momentarily
• The next day, following, thereafter
• In the end, ultimately
EXAMPLE
NARRATION
ACTIVITY 1: “Last night, I was walking on my way home when it suddenly
rained. I forgot to bring my umbrella, so I ran to avoid getting completely
soaked in the rain. Not seeing where I was going, I fell into a puddle of water.
Then a guy helped me stand up. When I looked up, I recognized him.
Momentarily, I forgot that I was soaking wet and that I was very cold. He offered
to walk me home, and I just nodded. The next day, he and I saw each other at
school. At last, we talked like old friends.”
Questions:
1. Where and when did the story happen?
2. What transitional devices are used to indicate the chronological order of time?
3. What event happened first?
4. What does the paragraph tell?
5. What sequence is presented in the story?
LET’S REVIEW

◦What is narration?
◦What are the different transitional
words that we are using in a
narrative paragraph?
QUIZ 1
Direction: Choose the best word/group of words
that will complete the statements. (1 – 5 Items)
Chronological Ordering Narration Transitional Devices
Sequence Plot
1. _________ is a writing pattern that is used to tell a story.
2. A narrative text contains the _________ which gives direction in the story.
3. _________are words or phrases that help carry a thought from one sentence to
another, from one idea to another, or from one paragraph to another.
4. Most of the common transitional words to show _________ of events are first,
next, then, after, and suddenly.
5. The _________of events helps to show the reader how the the story moves.
KEY TO CORRECTION
1. Narration
2. Plot
3. Transitional Devices
4. Sequence
5. Chronological Ordering
ASSIGNMENT

◦Have an advanced reading on

the next writing pattern which is
a descriptive pattern.