Group 4

Antitussives and Decongestants

Antitussives

Antitussives are medicines that suppress coughing, also known as

cough suppressants. Antitussives are thought to work by inhibiting a
coordinating region for coughing located in the brain stem, disrupting
the cough reflex arc.

Main antitussive that described in report is Dextromethorphan

(robitussin, Vicks 44)
Decongestants

They work by reducing the swelling of the blood vessels in your nose. This
helps to open up the airways. Most decongestants can be bought over the
counter from pharmacies without a prescription.Decongestants are a type of
medicine that can provide short-term relief for a blocked or stuffy nose.

The drugs discussing here are Oxymetazoline, neo-synephrine,

Phenylephrine (sudafed PE), pseudoephedrine (sudafed)
Generic names of Available brands in Preparation or strength or Mechanism of action
drug market and price formulation

gsk - Dextromethorphan It will be prepared in different Its primary mechanism of action

HBr + Guaifenesin 15 mg/ forms like syrup, capsule, is as a non - selective serotonin
100 mg/5ml syrup ×60ml lozenges, extended release and norepinephrine reuptake
Robitussin DM Syrup - capsule and combination drugs. inhibitor.This leads to
128.25 pesos suppression of cough reflex.
Pfizer - Guaifenesin
Robitussin 200 mg soft
Strength can be 15 mg per 5 ml It's also show effect on NMDA
Dextromethorphan gel capsule - 12 pesos of syrup, 10 mg per capsule and receptors which involved in pain
30 mg or more for extended perception and memory.
(Antitussive) VICKS formula 44 syrup release tablets.
100ml - 164.75 pesos It also affect sigma 1 receptors.

Delsym - Formulation was

Dextromethorphan dextromethorphan hydrobromide.
Polistirex extended-
release suspension
(cough suppressant) 148
ml (5 FL oz) - 970 pesos
 Dose in adults and Instruction for administration Special Warning Contradicti
children on

Severe liver
For adults is 10 to 20 (mg) Dosages may vary between liquid, Drowsiness, impairment.
every 4 to 6 hours as tablet, or capsule forms. Avoid alcohol
needed. Hallucination People with
Drink plenty of water to help Age Restrictions, asthma due
soothe your throat and stay Allergies and Sensitivities, to its
Children: hydrated while using this Medical Conditions, potential to
Aged 6 to 12 years: 5 to 10 medication. Pregnancy and suppress the
mg every 4 to 6 hours Breastfeeding.. cough reflex
. It is usually taken every 4 to 12 and worsen
Aged 2 to 6 years: 2.5 to 5 hours as needed. respiratory
mg every 4 to 6 hours . conditions.

under 2 years generally not Not safe for

recommended very young
children.
Generic names Available brands in Preparation or strength or Mechanism of action
of drug market and price formulation

Oxymetazoline binds to α1-

Oxymetazoline Prepared in forms of nasal and α2-adrenoceptors, which
intranasal is available spray, nasal drops. are Gq-protein-coupled
under the following receptors that promote
different brand names: Formulation by combining vascular smooth muscle
Oxymetazoline oxymetazoline HCl with other contraction by increasing
Afrin Price:1299 ph inactive ingredients intracellular calcium levels in
response to ligand activation.
(Decongestants pesos
Strength of nasal spray is
Intranasal) Duramist Plus price: 0.05% oxymetazoline HCL Oxymetazoline relieves nasal
8.6$ congestion by vasoconstricting
, Dristan price: 22$ the respiratory
12 Hr microvasculature, in both
resistance and capacitance
blood vessels on the human
nasal mucosa.
Dose in adults and Instruction for administration Special Warning Contradiction
children
Adult:
Adults and children 6 Avoid prolonged or Hypersensitivity or
Usual dose: 1-2 excessive use. Allergy
years of age and older—
sprays into each Use 2 or 3 drops or
nostril 2-3 times sprays of 0.05% solution Using it for more than a Heart Conditions
daily as necessary. in each nostril every ten to few days can lead to a
twelve hours. Do not use condition called Hypertension
As 0.05% nasal more than two times in "rebound congestion,"
spray: >12 years twenty four hours. where your congestion Thyroid Conditions
Usual dose: 1-2 worsens when you stop .
sprays into each Children up to 6 years of using the product. Diabetes
nostril 2-3 times age—Use and dose must
daily as necessary. be determined by your Always follow the Narrow-Angle
doctor. dosing instructions and Glaucoma
Max treatment
consult a healthcare
duration: 5-7
professional if you have Prostate Issues
consecutive any concerns or
experience side effects.
Generic names Available brands in Preparation or strength or Mechanism of action
of drug market and price formulation

Oral Tablets/Capsules: Neo-Synephrine, is a

Phenylephrine oral tablets or decongestant that works by
Phenylephrine: Neo-Synephrine capsules are available in constricting blood vessels. This
strengths ranging from 5 mg to 10 constriction reduces blood flow to
Neo- synephrine Pretz-D mg. the nasal passages and, in turn,
Rhinall decreases swelling and
(Decongestants Tur-Bi-Cal Liquid Syrups: Phenylephrine congestion in the nasal tissues
Intranasal) Vicks Sinex syrup is often available in
strengths of 2.5 mg per 5 mL or . It's used to relieve nasal
Phenylephrine similar concentrations. congestion associated with
conditions like the common cold
injectable
Nasal Sprays: Nasal sprays or allergies.
solution-$27.86 containing phenylephrine are
for 10mm available in strengths typically
Phenylephrine ranging from 0.125% to 0.25%.
oral tablets from-
$10.83 for 36
tablets
Dose in adults Instruction for administration Special Warning Contradiction
and children

For adults the To spray, squeeze bottle Do not use more often,
typical dose is quickly and firmly use more sprays, or use severe hypertension,
10-20mg for Adults and children 12 longer than directed ventricular tachycardia or
every 4 hours year of age and older; 2 or because doing so may heart failure
For children the 3 sprays in each nostrilnot increase the risk of side
dosage will more often then every four effects. Also, do not use
depend on their hours this medication for more
weight and age than 3 day.
accordingly.
 Generic names of Available brands in Preparation or strength or Mechanism of action
drug market and price formulation

Galpseud: £28 It is produced by fermenting Pseudoephedrine acts

dextrose in the presence of
Boots Decongestant: benzaldehyde. The primary
£4.6 product, (R)-
Pseudoepihedrine: phenylacetylcarbinol, is
Sudafed PE Care Decongestant: aminated to make
£2.25 pseudoephedrine.
(Decongestants
Systemic ) Maximum strength non-
drowsy decongestant
provides long-lasting sinus
pressure & congestion relief.
mainly as an agonist of
alpha adrenergic receptors
and less strongly as an
agonist of beta adrenergic
receptors. This produces
vasoconstriction which is
used as a decongestant.
Pseudoephedrine is also an
inhibitor of norepinephrine,
dopamine, and serotonin
transporters.
Dose in adults Instruction for administration Special warnings Contradiction
and children

For Adults: Blow your nose before

30 to 60 (mg) medication. Do not take Pseudoephedrine use
every 4 to 6 pseudoephedrine if you are hypersensitivity to
hours. Tilt your head forward not are taking a monoamine the drug, cardiovascular
oxidase (MAO) inhibitor diseases.
backward
such as isocarboxazid
For Children: (Marplan)(Parnate) severe renal
Avoid overuse within the past 2 weeks. dysfunction),
6 to 12 years: hyperthyroidism, narrow-
dose is 15 to angle glaucoma, benign
30 mg every 4 prostatic hyperplasia,
to 6 hours.

not
recommended
for children
under 6 years
old.
Thank you!