9 ESTRUCTURA

9.1 The present perfect subjunctive

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 9 ESTRUCTURA
9.1 The present perfect subjunctive

The present perfect subjunctive (el pretérito perfecto

de subjuntivo) is formed with the present subjunctive
of haber and a past participle.

The present perfect subjunctive

cerrar perder asistir
haya cerrado haya perdido haya asistido
hayas cerrado hayas perdido hayas asistido
haya cerrado haya perdido haya asistido
hayamos cerrado hayamos perdido hayamos asistido
hayáis cerrado hayáis perdido hayáis asistido
hayan cerrado hayan perdido hayan asistido

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 9 ESTRUCTURA
9.1 The present perfect subjunctive

The present perfect subjunctive is used to refer to

recently completed actions or past actions that still
bear relevance in the present. It is used mainly in the
subordinate clause of a sentence that expresses will,
emotion, doubt, or uncertainty.
PRESENT PERFECT INDICATIVE PRESENT PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE

Luis me dijo que ha dejado de Me alegro de que Luis haya dejado de

ver ese programa. ver ese programa.
Luis told me that he has stopped watching I’m glad that Luis has stopped watching
that show. that show.

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 9 ESTRUCTURA
9.1 The present perfect subjunctive

Note the difference in meaning between the three

subjunctive tenses you have learned so far.

PRESENT PRESENT PERFECT PAST

SUBJUNCTIVE SUBJUNCTIVE SUBJUNCTIVE

Las cadenas nacionales
buscan corresponsales
que hablen varios idiomas.
The national networks are looking
for correspondents who speak
several languages.
Prefieren contratar a los Antes, insistían en que los
que hayan trabajado en solicitantes tuvieran cinco
el extranjero. años de experiencia.
They prefer to hire those In the past, they insisted that
who have worked abroad. applicants have five years of
experience.

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 9 ESTRUCTURA
9.1 The present perfect subjunctive

¡ATENCIÓN!

In a multiple-clause sentence, the choice of tense for the

verb in the subjunctive depends on when the action takes
place in each clause. The present perfect subjunctive is
used primarily when the action of the main clause is in
the present tense, but the action in the subordinate
clause is in the past.

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