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MPS1 090123
MPS1 090123
INTRODUCTION
to
Material Properties Science
1
Ⅰ-1. Materials
What Materials are
Materials are matters that you use to make something
useful, e.g., tableware( 食 ), clothing( 衣 ), vehicles( 行 ),
building( 住 ), machines, instruments, tools, and
components( 科技生產 ).
Importance of Materials
Materials lie at the base of all technological advances.
Advanced materials and advanced processing of
materials are critical to the nation’s quality of life,
security, and economic strength.
Advanced materials are the building blocks of advanced
technologies. 2
Indium tin oxide: touchscreen; piezoceramics: speakers) 5
Stretchable organic integrated circuits for large-area
electronic skin surfaces
6
Ⅰ-2. Classification of Materials
7
Ⅰ-3. Metals
Dense ( heavy)
● High hardness (much higher than polymers , but
11
FuelCell LED
(a) Traditional Approach
Fuel fuel (coal, oil, or natural gas) + air Fuel
(chemical (chemical
energy) energy)
Heat Heat 1
(thermal High Temp Combustion gas CO2, (thermal
energy) H2O,…+ pollutants energy)
Heat 2
steam
(thermal
energy)
mechanical Gas turbine
energy generator Steam turbine
mechanical
generator energy
electrical electrical
energy electrical energy energy
12
(a) Traditional Approach
Fuel fuel (coal, oil, or natural gas) + air Fuel
(chemical (chemical
energy) energy)
Heat Heat 1
(thermal High Temp Combustion gas CO2, (thermal
energy) H2O,…+ pollutants energy)
Heat 2
steam
(thermal
energy)
mechanical Gas turbine
energy generator Steam turbine
mechanical
generator energy
electrical electrical
energy electrical energy energy
13
Current and potential applications
• Automotive industry : engine components.
• High-performance integrated circuit substrate
and package materials, e.g., AlN.
• Superconductors, YBa2Cu3O7 and
Ba2Sr2CaCu2Ox.
14
Ⅰ-5. Polymers
Relatively easy to synthesize
Low density (light)
Chemical inertness.
15
Ⅰ-6. Composites (Composite Materials)
comprising two or more different types of materials
and possessing the desired properties of the
components: epoxy molding compound (EMC)
polymer
AlN or BN High thermal (matrix)
particles (filler) conductivity AlN or BN/
rigidity
Polymer Composite Adhesive
high thermal
conductivity high
breaking-
(>50W/m-K)
high electrical
through
voltage
resistivity low
low thermal temperature
expansion processability
mechanical low thermal
conductivity
strength
(<0.5W/m-K)
16
Carbon fiber-epoxy composite-the strength and
rigidity.
Metal matrix composite (with ceramic as filler) -
airframe material
Ceramic-matrix composites (with other ceramic
as filler).
matrix: continuous phase ;
filler: noncontinuous (dispersed phase)
17
Ⅰ-7. Semiconductors
19
I-9. Typical Examples of Advanced
Materials Development
(A) Flat Panel Display (FPD)
(phosphors
)
(carbon nano tube)
20
White Light LED Lighting
22
23
Nano-sized dielectric
ceramic powder
24
(D) Electronic Substrates
(with high thermal conductivity: AlN)
EMC
chip
leads
25
(E) Photocatalysts
Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
mechanism :
1.Absorption
2. Electron injection
3. Regeneration
4. Cathode:
26
(F) Solid-Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC)
A. Objective
Chemical Energy conversion Electrical Energy
Requirements:
• High efficiency
(= amount of electrical energy obtained per unit amount
of chemical energy input).
• Low environmental pollution
(environmental friendly or green)
• Low cost
27
(a) Traditional Approach
Fuel fuel (coal, oil, or natural gas) + air Fuel
(chemical (chemical
energy) energy)
Heat Heat 1
(thermal High Temp Combustion gas CO2, (thermal
energy) H2O,…+ pollutants energy)
Heat 2
steam
(thermal
energy)
mechanical Gas turbine
energy generator Steam turbine
mechanical
generator energy
electrical electrical
energy electrical energy energy
28
(b) Fuel Cell Approach
e Anode
(porous) H 2 O 2 H 2O 2e
load Electrolyte
(dense) O-2
e
Cathode
(porous) O2
29
Oxidizer (air or O2)
Cathode (Air Electrode)
1/2O2(g)+2e- = O-22(s)
Requirements :
(a)High electronic conductivity.
(b)Chemical and dimensional stability.
(c)A suitable thermal expansion coefficient.
(d)Compatibility and minimum reactivity.
(e)Sufficient porosity (oxygen from the gas phase to the air
electrode/electrolyte interface).
◎ Materials (formulation) :
Lanthanum manganite ( 鑭錳氧化物 ) doped with alkaline and
rare-earth elements porous tube.
30
14
It dissociates at 1000°C at low oxygen pressures( 10 atm).
The electronic conductivity: hopping of an electron hole
between the +3 and +4 valence states of Mn.
Conductivity is enhanced by doping with a divalent ion such as
calcium (Ca) or strontium (Sr).
Materials Synthesis :
high-purity: La2O3 and MnO2 solid state reaction Lanthanum
manganite
(e.g.,La0.9 Sr0.1
Component fabrication
MnO3)
Electrolyte
Materials (formulation)
YSZ (8% Y2O3-ZrO2) has been the most successfully
employed. Yttrium oxide stabilizes the high-temperature
cubic phase and generates oxygen vacancies; an oxygen
vacancy is created for every mole of the dopant Y2O3: 31
oxygen-ion conductivity.
Materials Requirement, Synthesis and Fabrication
free of porosity uniformly thin high oxygen-ion conductivity
transport number for electrons as close to zero as possible.
~40-μm-thick layer electrochemical vapor deposition (EVD).
2MeCly + yH2O = 2MeOy/2 + 2yHCl
and
4 MeCl y yO2 2 yH 2 4 MeO y / 2 4 yHCl
34
Co-flow monolithic design for a solid-solid-oxide fuel cell.
Tubular design for a solid-solid-oxide fuel cell. 35
36
37
NCKU Tentative Principles for Course Instruction in Response to
the Epidemic Prevention of Severe Special Infectious Pneumonia
Approved at the 3nd meeting of the NCKU Curriculum Committee in the 2019-20 academic year,
May. 20, 2020
47