Propaganda

Movement
What is Propaganda ?
 The Propaganda Movement encompassed the
activities of a group of Filipinos who called for
political reforms in their land in the late 19th
century, and produced books, leaflets, and
newspaper articles to educate others about their
goals and issues they were trying to solve.
The Propaganda
Movement
 The Propaganda Movement encompassed the activities of a
group of Filipinos who called for political reforms in their
land in the late 19th century, and produced books, leaflets,
and newspaper articles to educate others about their goals and
issues they were trying to solve. They were active
approximately from 1880 to 1898, and especially between
1880 and 1895, before the Philippine Revolution began.
The Propaganda
Movement
Prominent members included José Rizal, author
of novels Noli Me Tángere and El filibusterismo
, and essays; Graciano López Jaena, publisher
of La Solidaridad, the movement's principal
organ; Mariano Ponce, the organization's
secretary, and Marcelo H. del Pilar.
Propagandists aims ;
 Reinstate the former representation of the Philippines in the Cortes Generales or
Spanish Parliament
 Secularize the clergy (i.e. use secular or diocesan priest rather than clergy from a
religious order)
 Legalize Spanish and Filipino equality
 Reestablish Spanish citizenship for Filipinos
 Reestablish the Philippines as a province of Spain
 Abolish polo y servicios (labor service) and the bandala (forced sale of local products
to the government)
 Guarantee basic civil freedoms
 Provide equal opportunity for Filipinos and Spanish to enter government service
José Rizal and the Propaganda
Movement
 The most outstanding Propagandist was José Rizal, a
physician, scholar, scientist, and writer. Born in 1861
into a prosperous Chinese mestizo family in Laguna
Province, he displayed great intelligence at an early
age. After several years of medical study at the
University of Santo Tomás, he went to Spain in 1882
to finish his studies at the University of Madrid.
José Rizal and the Propaganda
Movement
 During the decade that followed, Rizal's career spanned two worlds:
Among small communities of Filipino students in Madrid and other
European cities, he became a leader and eloquent spokesman, and in
the wider world of European science and scholarship--particularly in
Germany--he formed close relationships with prominent natural and
social scientists. The new discipline of anthropology was of special
interest to him; he was committed to refuting the friars' stereotypes
of Filipino racial inferiority with scientific arguments.
José Rizal and the Propaganda
Movement
 His greatest impact on the development of a Filipino national
consciousness, however, was his publication of two novels--
Noli Me Tangere (Touch me not) in 1886 and El
Filibusterismo (The reign of greed) in 1891. Rizal drew on
his personal experiences and depicted the conditions of
Spanish rule in the islands, particularly the abuses of the
friars. Although the friars had Rizal's books banned, they
were smuggled into the Philippines and rapidly gained a
wide readership.
The first propaganda
movement
 The Propaganda Movement (1872-1892) was the first
Filipino nationalist movement, led by a Filipino elite
and inspired by the protonationalist activism of
figures such as José Burgos and by his execution at
the hands of colonial authorities. Propagandists were
largely young men, often mestizos and creoles whose
families could afford to send them to study in Spanish
universities in Madrid and Barcelona.