Differentiate Epicenter and Focus, Magnitude and Intensity, and Active and Inactive Faults.

Science 8 Second Quarter: Earth and Space
Goal
• Differentiate the following:
− Epicenter and Hypocenter (Focus)
− Magnitude and Intensity
− Active and Inactive Faults
San Juan National High School

Science Terms
of the Day
P-WAVES or
PRIMARY WAVES
• It can travel through
solid, liquid, and gas and
is the fastest shockwave.
• They push rock particles
back and forth like a
slinky spring – in their
travel direction. https://www.howitworksdaily.com/anatomy-of-an-earthquake-how-do-they-
release-megatons-of-destructive-energy/

S-WAVES or
SECONDARY
WAVES
• It lags behind P-waves
and can only pass
through solids.
• They move rock particles
up and down or side to
side at right angles, to
the direction of wave
travel.
https://www.howitworksdaily.com/anatomy-of-an-earthquake-how-do-they-

SURFACE
WAVES
• It travels close to the
Earth’s surface and
make the ground
undulated or rolled like
ocean waves.
• Almost all earthquake’s
destruction is due to
these waves. https://www.howitworksdaily.com/anatomy-of-an-earthquake-how-do-they-

The lithosphere includes the crust and

the upper mantle. It is fragmented into
different tectonic plates. The boundaries
between the tectonic plates are the
places where most earthquakes occur.
EARTHQUAKE
• The weak to violent shaking of
the ground produced by a
sudden movement of the rock
material below the Earth’s
surface.
TYPES OF
EARTHQUAKE
1. Tectonic Earthquakes
2. Volcanic Earthquakes

TECTONIC
EARTHQUAKES
• It is produced by
sudden movement
along faults and
plate boundaries
VOLCANIC
EARTHQUAKES
• It is induced by the
rising movement of
magma.
• It can occur before a
volcanic eruption of a
volcano.
https://www.calacademy.org/explore-science/anatomy-of-an-earthquake
Epicenter
and Focus
EPICENTER
• The point at the
surface directly
above the focus.
• The nearer to the
epicenter, the
greater the damage
will be. https://www.howitworksdaily.com/anatomy-of-an-earthquake-how-do-they-

FOCUS
• Also called
HYPOCENTER
• A point inside the
Earth where an
earthquake starts
https://www.howitworksdaily.com/anatomy-of-an-earthquake-how-do-they-

Magnitude
and Intensity
MAGNITUD
E
• It is proportional to
the energy released
by an earthquake to
the focus
• It can be calculated by
an instrument called
SEISMOGRAPH.
https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/earthquake/earthquake-prepar
edness

INTENSITY
• The strength of an earthquake
perceived and felt by people in a
certain locality.
• It is a numerical rating based on
the relative effects on people,
objects, environment, and
surrounding structures.
• Generally, intensity is higher near
the epicenter. https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.ph
p/earthquake/earthquake-preparedness
PEIS
• PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity
Scale
• It is represented by Roman
numerals, with Intensity I being
the weakest and Intensity X the
strongest.
• It is used since 1996, replacing
the Rossi-Forel Sale. https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.ph
p/earthquake/earthquake-preparedness
Time Check…

There are 20 earthquakes

recorded daily in the
Philippines but most of these
seismic activities are not felt
and can be only detected by a
seismograph.
There are 20 earthquakes

recorded daily in the
Philippines but most of these
seismic activities are not felt
and can be only detected by a
seismograph.
The Philippines is
bounded by subducting
plates called The
Philippine Sea Plate in
the East and Eurasian
Plate in the West. https://earthobservatory.sg/earth-science-education/multimedia/gr
aphics/ubduction-zone-beneath-the-philippines

An offshore earthquake
may occur in trenches such
as the Philippine Trench,
East Luzon Trough, Manila
Trench, Negros Trench, Sulu
Trench, or Cotabato Trench. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subduction_tectoni
cs_of_the_Philippines

Inland earthquakes are

generated by the movement of
active faults. The longest active
fault is the Philippine Fault
which is 1300km long and
diverges from the Ilocos Region
in the North to the Eastern
Mindanao in the South. https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/eart
hquake/earthquake-generators-of-the-philippines

Time Check…

Video Clips:
Earthquake and Its Hazards


Differentiate Epicenter and Focus, Magnitude and Intensity, and Active and Inactive Faults.

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Differentiate Epicenter and Focus, Magnitude and Intensity, and Active and Inactive Faults.

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Science 8 Second Quarter: Earth and Space

San Juan National High School

San Juan National High School

San Juan National High School

San Juan National High School

The lithosphere includes the crust and

San Juan National High School

San Juan National High School

San Juan National High School

San Juan National High School

San Juan National High School

There are 20 earthquakes

There are 20 earthquakes

San Juan National High School

San Juan National High School

Inland earthquakes are

San Juan National High School

San Juan National High School

Earthquake and Its Hazards

San Juan National High School

San Juan National High School

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