GROUP MATES

K-19PG29
K-19PG28
K-19PG26
PRESENTATION TOPIC: CORING
 ARTICLE:-ADVANCES IN THE CORING
AND CORE ANALYSIS FOR RESERVOIR
FORMATION

AUTHORS:-C. E. Ubani and Y. B. Adeboye**

*
Department of Petroleum and Gas Engineering,
University of Port-Harcourt,P/H,Nigeria.
*
Department of Petroleum and Gas Engineering,
University of Lagos, Nigeria
 ABSTRACT
The objective of coring and core analysis is to reduce uncertainty in reservoir
evaluation by providing data representative of the reservoir at in real conditions. The
advances in coring and core analysis techniques provide the premise to measure
required petro-physical properties and to acquire simultaneously other reservoir
rock dependent parameters. Core derived data have been integrated with other field
data to minimize reservoir uncertainties that cannot be addressed by other data
sources such as well logging, well testing or seismic. The quality and reliability of
core data have become more important with the ever-increasing pressure to
optimize field development. The business objective, value of information and
operation cost are some of the driving forces for development of new techniques of
coring and core analysis. Techniques are constantly being improved or new ones
are introduced. In core analysis, the concept of automatic geological core
description is growing with the use of the mini-permeameter and the proliferation of
sophisticated analysis methods such as SEM, X-ray CT, and NMR. These Hi-Tech
methods provide a wealth of micro structural and microscopic information previously
undreamed of. This paper provides an overview of recent and emerging
developments and trends in coring technology and core analysis as to enhance the
reservoir evaluation processes.
 INTRODUCTION
The task of the reservoir Engineer is to describe the reservoir as
completely and accurately as possible using a variety of methods,
from seismic and well testing to logging, cuttings analysis and
coring. Many of these methods allow the engineer to estimate three
key formation descriptors- porosity, fluid saturation, and
permeability. Today this process seems to move faster and there is
a demand for new standards both for coring and core analysis. In
this paper, the basic concepts of coring and core analysis was
reviewed and used the developmental advances as the main goal.
 CORING
Coring is the process of drilling, cutting samples from
the rock.
The purpose of coring is to obtain a rock sample in
such a manner that rock retains the same properties
that it had before it was removed from the formation.
Cores are tested to obtain information about rock
properties such as porosity, permeability and fluid
saturations.
 CORE ANALYSIS
Basic (routine) core analysis involves the measurement of
the most fundamental rock properties under near
(atmospheric) conditions.
 Porosity (storage capacity for reservoir fluids).
 permeability (reservoir flow capacity).
 saturation (fluid type and content).
 lithology
 SPECIAL CORE ANALYSIS
Special core analysis involves tests that are supplementary to
the basic core analysis program. Special core analysis
includes laboratory measurements used in reservoir
engineering, petro-physical evaluation, and drilling-and
completion-engineering evaluation.
 CAPPILARY PRESSURE
 RELATIVE PERMEABILITY
 WETTABILITY
 PORE VOLUME COMPRESSIBILITY
 ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES
 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Recent Advances In Coring Technology: New Techniques to Enhance
Reservoir Evaluation And Improve Coring Economics.

 The coring while drilling (CWD) system is designed to provide

operators with the flexibility of bottomhole coring or drilling with the
same bit, without tripping-out of the borehole. In the drilling mode,
the system is used in the same manner as a conventional bottomhole
assembly (BRA). In the coring mode, a drill bit plug is replaced with
an inner barrel and bearing assembly that transforms the drill bit into
a core bit. After core recovery, the coring assembly is retrieved with a
wireline and overshot assembly.
TYPES OF CORING
There are two types of Coring
• Conventional coring
• Side wall coring
CONVENTIONAL CORING
• Conventional coring is a methed of drilling and
acquiring rock samples to retrieve the core
samples..the complete rod string and core barrel has to
be removed from the holeWhen the bit is about to enter
a formation of special interest .a service company may
be brought in to take barrel cores. The coring tools
consist of an annular diameter bit to cut the core and a
hollow barrel to catch it.
 CONTINUE

• Core samples may be of any length .but cores of over

90 feet are hard to handle. Å 60 feet core is average
cores, which can be handle easily.. A core diameter
range from 11/8 to 5 inches with 4inches being the
most popular size for coreanalysisSince it is costly and
time consuming ,also removing the cores is some time
dangrous since it is possible to swab the well and
cause a blowout. So sidewall coring is most commonly
used thanconventional coring.
SIDE WALL CORING
• Side wall coring is a methed used in zones where core
recovery by conventional methed was less than
expected or wheres cores were not obtained as drilling
progressedSide wall coring is useful in paleontological
work,for it is possible to get shale samples micropaleo
analysis at definite depthA side wall coring device is
lowered into the hole on a wire line cable and a sample
of the formation is taken at the desire depth .
 CONTINUE

• This done by shooting a hollow bullet into the bore hole

wall, then pulling it out of the well and bring up to the
surface..There are as many as thirty bullets per guns
and since two guns can be used .. Up to sixty cores
can be obtained during one run. If electric logs have
been run prevously, , a spontanous potential or gamma
ray curve is used to determined gun position by direct
log correlation.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL AND
SIDE WALL CORING
• Conventional coring:
• Conventional coring provides large samples
• It is more better and more consistent representation of
formation..It is better for heterogenous rocks or for more
complex lithologies...
• SIDE WALL CORING
• Side wall coring provides smaller samples
• It is less representative of heterogenous formation..
 CONCLUSION
Techniques of coring and core data analysis have changed profoundly in the last few
years. To a great extent, these changes are attributable to developments in technology
conceived for other industries, e.g., medical imaging devices. Clearly, core data analyst
must be versed in many scientific and engineering sub-disciplines to effectively use
laboratory data

We must continue to develop and refine our understanding of fundamentals of rock

properties.

Core analysis formulates a basis for the calibration and vof log analysis in the domain of
evaluation of petrophysical parameters for the static and dynamic description of a
reservoir. Improved standards are needed both for logging and core measurements.
•
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