INDUCTION

MOTORS
LEARNING OB- 01 INTRODUCTION TO INDUCTION MOTOR
JECTIVES
02 HISTORY

03 CONSTRUCTION

04 GENERAL PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

05 TYPES OF INDUCTION MOTORS

06 TYPES OF INDUCTION MOTORS

 01
WHAT
IS
INDUCTION MOTORS?
AC MOTORS: INDUCTION MOTOR

 An induction motor is a type of motor where the power is supplied

to the rotating device by means of electromagnetic induction.
 An induction motor works
on transforming action.

 The stator works as the primary

while the rotor works as
the secondary.

 It is also called
ASYNCHRONOUS MOTOR. It is one of the most
common motors used in the industry.
 02
HISTORY
OF
INDUCTION MOTOR
HISTORY: Timeline

 1888  1889
Nikola Tesla invented the induction Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky invented
motor with a wrapped rotor. the induction motor with a cage.
 03

CONSTRUCTION
INDUCTION MOTOR: CONSTRUCTION

2 MAIN PARTS

STATOR

ROTOR
INDUCTION MOTOR: CONSTRUCTION

Tooth
Slots

Stator Stamping

ROTOR
INDUCTION MOTOR: OVER ALL PARTS
ROTOR
2 TYPES OF ROTOR
SQUIRREL-CAGE
It consists of a laminated cylindrical core having
semi closed circular slots at the outer periphery.
Copper or aluminum bar conductors are placed in
these slots and short circuited at each end by copper
or aluminum rings called short circuiting rings.
The rotor winding is permanently short circuited
and it is not possible to add any external resistance.
PHASE-WOUND
It is also called SLIP RING ROTOR
Consists of a laminated core having semi closed slots
at the outer periphery and carries a 3-phase insulated
winding.
The rotor is wound for the same number of poles as
that of stator.
The three finish terminals are connected together
forming a star point and the three star terminals are
connected to three slip rings fixed on the shaft.
 04
PRINCIPLE
OF
OPERATION
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

 The AC in the rotor of the motor is required to generate torque that is

gained through electromagnetic induction.

 A rotating field is set up in the stator when a 3- Phase supply is given.

 The stationary rotor cut the revolving field and due to electromagnetic
induction an emf is induced in the rotor conductor.

 As the rotor conductor is short circuited current flows through them.

 It becomes a current carrying conductor in magnetic field and start
rotating.
 04
TYPES
OF
INDUCTION MOTORS
TYPES OF INDUCTION MOTORS

SPLIT PHASE

CAPACITOR
START
SINGLE PHASE CAPACITOR
START AND
CAPACITOR
RUN

INDUCTION
SHADED POLE
MOTOR

SQURREL
CAGE
3-PHASE

SLIP RING
TYPES OF INDUCTION MOTORS
SINGLE PHASE VS.
 The single-phase induction
motor is not self-starting.
 It is logical that the least expensive
3-PHASE
 These motors are self-starting.
 It doesn’t use no capacitor, start
winding, centrifugal switch,
or another starting device.
 Three-phase AC induction motors
are widely used in industrial and
commercial applications.
TYPES OF INDUCTION MOTORS

SINGLE PHASE
1. Split Phase Induction Motor
 Also called as Resistance Start Motor.
 includes a stator and single cage rotor where the stator includes two windings
called starting winding as well as main winding.
 less expensive
 appropriate for loads that start very easily where the starting frequency can be
restricted.
 not applicable for drives that need above 1KW due to the less starting torque.
 Applications:
 washing machine
 floor polishers
 AC fans
 mixer grinder
 Blowers
 centrifugal pumps
 Drilling
 lathe machine.
TYPES OF INDUCTION MOTORS

SINGLE PHASE
2. Capacitor Start Induction Motor
 a 1-phase motor that includes a stator as well as a rotor with a single cage.
 The stator has two windings namely main winding and an auxiliary winding
 is used where frequent starts are needed like higher inertia loads.
 Used in driving compressors, pumps, machine tools, and conveyors.
 Applications:
 AC compressors
 the refrigerators
TYPES OF INDUCTION MOTORS

SINGLE PHASE
3. Capacitor Start & Capacitor Run Induction Motor
 The working principle is the same as capacitor start induction motor.
 there are two windings like the main and the starting.
In the starting winding, there is a link within the capacitor thus the current
supplying within the capacitor guides the applied voltage through some
angle.
 These two motors include high starting torque.
 Applications:
 Grinders
 Conveyors
 Compressors
 air conditioners, etc.
TYPES OF INDUCTION MOTORS

SINGLE PHASE
4. Shaded Pole Induction Motor
 self-starting 1-phase induction motor where one of the poles of this can be
shaded through the copper ring which is also called the shaded ring.
 The main function of this ring in the motor is like a secondary winding.
 Its power losses are extremely high
 the power factor is less
 induced starting torque can also be extremely low.
 Its efficiency is poor due to its small design and low power ratings.
 Applications:
 Hairdryers
 exhaust fans, table fans, air conditioning, cooling fans
 refrigeration device
 record players, projectors, tape recorders
 machines for photocopying.
TYPES OF INDUCTION MOTORS

SINGLE PHASE
General Applications
The applications of single phase induction motor are; it is used in low-power
applications and widely used in domestic applications as well as industrial.
And some of those are mentioned below
• Pumps
• Compressors
• Small fans
• Mixers
• Toys
• High-speed vacuum cleaners
• Electric shavers
• Drilling machines
TYPES OF INDUCTION MOTORS

3-PHASE
1.Squirrel Cage Induction Motor
 construction is extremely simple.
 the rotor includes a cylindrical core that can be laminated
 includes slots on the external periphery.
 These slots assist to stop magnetic locking among the teeth of the stator
and rotor so that smooth operation can be achieved and humming noise
can be reduced.
 At both ends of this motor, these conductors are short-circuited through
similar material’s end ring.
 As a result, this type of rotor is similar to a squirrel cage, so this is known as
a squirrel cage induction motor.
TYPES OF INDUCTION MOTORS

3-PHASE
2. Slip Ring Induction Motor
 Also called a wound rotor motor.
 the rotor includes a laminated cylindrical core.
 Similar to the squirrel cage, there are some slots on the outer periphery.
 The rotor winding is placed inside the slots.
 The winding of this rotor can be distributed uniformly & usually connected
in the STAR model. The three terminals of this STAR connection can be
taken out throughout the slip ring. So this is the reason to call this motor a
slip ring induction motor.
TYPES OF INDUCTION MOTORS

Why 3-Phase Induction Motor is Self Starting?

In a 3-phase motor, there are 3 single-phase lines through a phase difference with 120°. So the rotary
magnetic field includes a similar phase difference, so this phase difference will rotate the rotor.
For instance, if we consider a, b & c as three phases once phase ‘a’ gets magnetized, then the rotor will
shift towards the phase ‘a’. In the next second phase, ‘b’ will get magnetized, so it will magnetize the ro-
tor & after that phase ‘c’. In this way, the rotor will rotate continuously.
Why 1-Phase Induction Motor is not Self Starting?
Once the supply given to a 1- 1-phase induction motor is single phase then it generates a pulsating mag-
netic field, not revolving. The current supply throughout a conductor generates a flux which can be de-
termined into two components, where each component will rotate in the reverse direction at a similar
speed.
Thus, the net flux will become zero; the flow of current which is induced in the rotor conductors will be-
come zero and torque will be zero. As a result, a single-phase induction motor is not self-starting.
To conquer this trouble & to make this motor self-starting, then this motor can be converted temporarily
into a 2-phase motor throughout starting. For this reason, the one-phase motor’s stator is offered
through additional winding to the main winding like starting winding. So, these windings are located
across the 1-phase supply.
winding can be arranged so that the phase difference among the currents within the two stator winding is
extremely large. Thus this motor performs like a two-phase motor. The two current generates a rotating
flux which will make the single-phase motor self-starting.
Advantages

Low Cost: Induction machines are very cheap when compared to synchronous and DC motors. This is
due to the modest design of the induction motor. Therefore, these motors are overwhelmingly
preferred for fixed speed applications in industrial applications and for commercial and domestic
applications where AC line power can be easily attached.
Low Maintenance Cost: Induction motors are maintenance-free motors unlike dc motors and
synchronous motors. The construction of an induction motor is very simple and hence maintenance is
also easy, resulting in low maintenance cost.
Ease of Operation: The operation of the induction motor is very simple because there is no electrical
connector to the rotor that supply power and current are induced by the movement of the
transformer performs on the rotor due to the low resistance of the rotating coils. Induction motors are
self-start motors. This can result in reducing the effort needed for maintenance.
Speed Variation: The speed variation of the induction motor is nearly constant. The speed typically
varies only by a few percent going from no load to rated load.
High Starting Torque: The starting torque of the induction motor is very high which makes the motor
useful for operations where the load is applied before the starting of the motor. 3 phase induction
motors will have self-starting torque, unlike synchronous motors. However, single-phase induction
motors do not have self-starting torque and are made to rotate using some auxiliaries.
Durability: Another major advantage of an induction motor is that it is durable. This makes it the ideal
machine for many uses. This results in the motor running for many years with no cost and
maintenance.
All these advantages make induction motor to use in many applications such as industrial, domestic,
and in many applications.
Disadvantages
The disadvantages of induction motor include the following.
•Throughout the light load situation, the power factor is extremely less and it
draws a huge current. So, the copper loss can be high which decreases the
efficiency throughout the light load situation.
•The squirrel cage induction motor’s initial torque is not low.
•This is an invariable speed motor and this motor is not applicable where
uneven speed needs
•This motor speed control is not easy
•This motor includes a high starting inrush current which will cause a reduction
within voltage at the beginning of time.
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