THE CENTRAL

NERVOUS
SYSTEM
CENTRAL NERVOUS
SYSTEM
The central nervous system consists of brain
and spinal cord.
Central nervous system: -intergrating the sensory
information -coordinating both conscious and
unconscious activity.
The talencephalon grows
two lateral regions called
cerebral hemisphere.
 GYRIFICATION
Gyrification is the process by
which the brain undergoes
changes in surface
morphology to create sulcal
and gyral regions.
The surface of the brain,
known as the cerebral cortex,
is very uneven, characterized
by a distinctive pattern of
folds or bumps, known as gyri and
grooves, known as sulci.
Fissure is a deeper grove and
is often used interchangeably
with sulcus.
MENINGES
Meninges are three layers
of membranes that cover
and protect your brain and
spinal cord.
 MENINGES
The Dura Mater is the
outermost layer of the
three meninges that
surround and protect the
brain and spinal cord.
 MENINGES
The arachnoid is a thin layer
that lays between your dura
mater and
pia mater. It doesn't contain
blood vessels or nerves.
 MENINGES
Pia mater is the delicate
innermost layer of the
meninges, the membranes
surrounding the brain and
spinal cord.
 CEREBRUM

SIX MAIN CEREBELLUM

SECTIONS
DIENCEPHALON
OF BRAIN
MIDBRAIN

LEARN MORE PONS

MEDULLA OBLONGATA
 CEREBRUM
• The largest part of the brain. The
cerebrum initiates and coordinates
movement and regulates temperature.
The cerebrum is divided into two
hemispheres (the right and left) and
four lobes: FRONTAL, PARIETAL,
TEMPORAL, and OCCIPITAL.
•Frontal lobe - Reasoning and
thought FOUR LOBES
•Parietal lobe - Integrates Sensory
Information
•Temporal lobe - processes
auditory information from the ears
•Occipital lobe - processing visual
information from the eyes
CEREBELLUM
Responsible for:
- Muscle Coordination
- Balance
- Posture
- Muscle Tone

Located below the cerebrum just above and

behind where your spinal cord connects to your
LEARN MORE brain itself .
 DIENCEPHALON
The diencephalon is a part of the
brain that includes the thalamus and
hypothalamus.
The diencephalon is the link
between the nervous system and the
endocrine system, interpreting
signals and excreting hormones.
THALAMUS
Thalamus is a large egg-shaped mass of
grey matter present in Diencephalon, a
part of the forebrain. Thalamus is
involved in sensory as well as motor
Functions of the brain, impulses to the
Cerebrum.
 HYPOTHALAMUS
The Hypothalamus is a gland in your brain that
controls your Hormone System. It releases
Hormones to another part of your Brain the
Pituitary Gland, which sends Hormones out to your
Different Organs. These Include :

• Adrenals • Thyroid • Ovaries • Testicles

 MIDBRAIN
• Located below Cerebrum

• The Midbrain or Mesencephalon is the forward-

most portion of the brainstem and is associated
with Vision , Hearing ,Motor Control, Sleep and
Wakefulness , Temperature Regulation.

• The name comes from the Greek word mesos ,

"middle" and enkephalos , "brain".
 PONS
• Located below Midbrain (In Brainstem )

• The Pons from Latin word means Bridge

• It serves as a Communication and

Coordination center between the two
Hemisphere of the brain.
• Responsible for certain reflex actions such
as chewing, tasting and saliva production.
MEDULLA
OBLONGATA
• Lowest part of the Brainstem
• It"s Responsible for Regulating heart
and blood vessel Function, Digestion,
Respiration, Swallowing, Coughing,
Sneezing and Blood Pressure.

• Also known as "The Center for

Respiration"
THE
SPINAL CORD
The Spinal cord is the link between
the brain and the nerves in the rest
of the body
 FOUR CERVICAL
REGIONS
OF THE THORACIC
SPINAL CORD
LUMBAR

LEARN MORE SPINAL NERVES

CERVICAL
It provides support for the weight of your
head, surrounds and protects your spinal
cord, and allows for a wide range of head
motions.
THORACIC
The Thoracic spine is Located in the upper
and middle part of the back.
LUMBAR
Your Lumbar Spine is the lower back
region of your spinal column or back bone.
SPINAL NERVES
Spinal Nerves are mixed nerves that
interact directly with the Spinal Cord to
modulate motor and sensory information
from the body's periphery.
Thank you!