GI TRACT

SECRETION AND
ROLE OF GI
TRACT
HORMONE
NAME – DIKSHA KALITA
ENROLL NO. – ZOO1632020
CLASS ROLL NO.-U161246
4 TH SEMESTER (UNDERGRADUATE)
 INTRODUCTION

WHAT IS GASTROINTESTINAL SECRETION?

The fluid secreted by digestive system or the GI Tract is known as the gastrointestinal
secretion.

 Every day around 7 litres of fluid is secreted by the system.

 About half of the total secreted amount( i.e., 3.5) is secreted by the exocrine glands,
salivary glands, pancreas and liver. The rest 3.5 litres is secreted by the epithelial cells of
the digestive tract itself.

 The glands subserve two primary functions:

 First, digestive enzymes are secreted in most areas of the alimentary tract, from the
mouth to the distal end of the ileum.

Second, mucous glands, from the mouth to the anus, provide mucus for
lubrication and protection of all parts of the alimentary tract.
Figure: Organs of the
digestive system with their
functions
The digestive juice secreted at various parts of the
alimentary tract are as follows:

1. Saliva in the mouth.

2. Gastric juice in the stomach.

3. Bile in the duodenum.

4. Pancreatic juice in the duodenum.

5. Intestinal juice ( Succus entericus ) in the small

intestine.
LOCATIO SECRETIO NAME OF SECRETE SUBSTRAT PRODUCT ACTION
N N WITH ENZYME D BY E
pH PRESENT

 Mouth Saliva Ptyalin/ Parotid Starch, Dextrins, Begin to

(6.8) Salivary gland Dextrins, maltose, digest
amylase (serous), Glycogen isomaltose, aldehyde
limit group via
Sublingua
dextrins amylase
l gland Protect
(mucous) mouth and
Submandi oesophagus
bular
gland
(mixed)

Lingual Glands Triglycerid Fatty acid,  Breakdown

lipase present es 1,2 - of fats into
on diacylglyce simpler forms.
rol
tongue.
LOCATION SECRETION NAME OF SECRETED SUBSTRAT PRODUCT ACTION
WITH pH ENZYME BY E
PRESENT

 Stomach Gastric juice Pepsinogen Chief cells Proteins, Peptones,  Active pepsin
(gastric (1-3) casein paracasein, digests proteins.
glands) proteases

Rennin stomach Casein Paracasein Causes coagulation

of milk

Gastric lipase Chief cells Fats Fatty acid , Lipolysis

glycerol

HCL (1.5 – - Parietal cells Inactive Pepsin Acidifies food &

3.5) (fundus) pepsinogen stop action of ptyalin

Intrinsic factor - Parietal cells - - Necessary for

absorption of Vitamin
B12

Mucous (6.68, Surface Neutralizes acid in

neutral) mucous stomach.
- cells & - - Acts as a lubricant.
mucous
neck cells
LOCATION SECRETION NAME OF SITE OF SUBSTRATE PRODUCT ACTION
WITH pH ENZYME ACTION
PRESENT
Liver Bile (7.7- 8.0) - Liver but Fat Fatty acid & Makes food
stored in gall glycerol by alkaline
bladder action of lipase Vehicle of
excretion.

Pancreas Pancreatic Amylase Small intestine Starch, Limits Digestion of

juice (7.3- 8.6) dextrins, dextrins, starch products into
glycogen maltose, disaccharides
isomaltose

Trypsin Small intestine Proteins, Peptides, Long peptide

Chymotrypsin Chymotrypsin, digestion.
ogen, Carboxypeptid
Procarboxypep ase, Fibrin
tidase,
Fibrinogen

Chymostrypsin Small intestine Peptones Peptides Splitting of

chemical bonds
between
polypeptides

Lipase Small intestine Triglycerides Monoglyceride Digestion of

s, fatty acids triglycerides.

Carboxypeptid Small intestine Peptides Smaller Acts on

ases peptides, polypeptides
amino acids clearing carboxy
terminal amino
acid.
LOCATIO SECRETIO NAME OF SITE OF SUBSTRATE PRODUCT ACTION
N N WITH ENZYME ACTION
pH PRESENT
Intestinal Intestinal Enteropeptidase Small Trypsinogen Trypsin Activates proteolytic
glands juice (7.6- (enterokinase) intestine (inactive) (active) enzymes.
8.3)
Aminopeptidase Small Peptides Smaller Splits amine end from
intestine peptides & polypeptide
amino acids
Dipeptidase Small Dipeptides Amino acids Results in formation of
intestine limit dextrin monopeptides & amino acids.
Isomaltase Small Isomaltose Glucose Formation of glucose.
intestine
Maltase Small Maltose Glucose Splitting of maltose.
intestine
Sucrase/ invertase Small Sucrose Glucose, Formation of glucose &
intestine fructose sucrose.
Lactase Small Lactose Glucose, Splitting of lactose.
intestine galactose
Lipase Small Triglycerides Mono Formation of fatty acid &
intestine glycerides, glycerol.
fatty acids
Nucleotidase Small Nucleotides Nucleosides, Formation of inorganic
intestine pi phosphates & nucleosides.
Nucleosidase Small Nucleosides Purine, Formation of nitrogenous
phosphorylase intestine phosphate pyrimidine, bases & pentose phosphate
pentose
phosphate
 GASTROINTESTINAL
HORMONES AND THEIR
ROLES :
 HORMONE SOURCE STIMULUS TARGET ROLE
FOR ORGAN
SECRETION
Gastrin Mucosa of Distension of stomach on Stomach • Stimulates secretion of
pyloric food entry. gastric juice.
stomach • Constricts cardiac
spinchter.

Enterogastrone Duodenal Chyme entry into Stomach • Slows gastric contractions to

epithelium duodenum. delay its emptying.

• Stops secretion of gastric

juice.

Secretin Duodenal Acidic chyme entry into Pancreas • Release of sodium

epithelium duodenum. Liver bicarbonate in pancreatic juice.
Stomach
• Steps up secretion of bile.

• Inhibits secretion of gastrin.

 HORMONE SOURC STIMULUS FOR TARGET ROLE
E SECRETION ORGAN

Cholecystokinin Duodenal Presence of fats in Pancreas • Release of enzymes in

(Pancreozymin) epithelium duodenum. Gall bladder pancreatic juice.
• Release of bile from
gall bladder.

Villikinin Intestinal Food in small intestine. Intestine • Accelerates movements

epithelium of villi.

Duocrinin Intestinal Acidic chyme in intestine. Intestine • Release of viscous

epithelium (Brunner’s gland) mucous from Brunner’s gland.
(Duodenal
epithelium
)

Enterocrinin Intestinal Acidic chyme in intestine Intestine (Crypts • Release of enzymes

epithelium of from Crypts of
(Duodenal Lieberkuhn’s) Lieberkuhn’s.
epithelium
)
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
• Books:
 GUYTON AND HALL Text
book of Medical Physiology

 A text book of Animal

Physiology by A.K Berry

•Internet sites:
 Google
 www.slideshare.com

• Images are taken from Google

That’s all for today.
Thank you for your
patience.