Forms

• Have/has+ past participle

• I have broken my glasses.

• Have you finished ?
• She hasn't phoned.
Finished events connected with the present
• Present perfect is used for a finished action is connected with the
present in some way. Something is happened, and we are thinking
about the past and the present at the same time.

• I can't attend the party because I have broken my leg.

Completion or achievement
• At last! I've completed!
• Have you done all the housework?

• We don't use the present perfect if we are not thinking about the
present. Let's compare

• I've travelled in London a lot. (I know London)

• Some people think that Shakespeare travelled a lot in Germany.
• My sister has learnt French.
• Jane Austen probably learnt Italian.
Finished events: news
• For announcing news of recent events.

• Sandy has won a big prize.

• Have you heard? My uncle has crashed the car again.
• The pound has fallen against the dollar.

• Afte announcing news, we usuaslly use the simple past to give more
details.
• My uncle has crashed the car again. He ran into a tree in Nizami
Street.
Time words
• Words of ever, before, recently etc that mean " at some/any time up
to now" are used for present perfect.

• Have you ever seen aghost?

• I'm sure we've met before.
• Has the student come yet?
• She's never said "sorry" in her life.
Repetition up to now
• Something has happened several times up to present

• I've written five letters since lunchtime.

• How often have you been in love in your life?

Continuation up to now
• We talk about actions that have continued up to the present, both the simple
present perfect and the present perfect progressive are possible (depending
on the kind of verb and the exact meaning)

• I've known her for years.

• I've been thinking about you all day.

• Believe use of the senses

• Know disagree
• Remember please
• Imagine surprise