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CH 3 Part1collection and Distribution of Water
CH 3 Part1collection and Distribution of Water
DISTRIBUTION OF WATER
Major components
Screen inlet
Intake pipe
Intake sump
Suction pipe
Pumps
Gate and foot valves
access
AAiT Water Supply & Urban Drainage
By Zerihun Alemayehu
Intake Structures
8 hr/day)
1200.1 m
1209.1-1202.5=6.6 m
1.5 m
Gate valve
Butterfly valve
• Check valves:
▫ semiautomatic device and permits
water flow only in one direction.
▫ in the discharge pipes of
centrifugal pumps prevent
backflow
▫ in conjunction with altitude valves
▫ Gravitational system,
▫ Pumping without storage, and
▫ Pumping with storage.
min.
demand
max.
Reservoir demand
City
Pump head
HGL demand
max.
demand
City
Pump
Reservoir
Pump
City Elevated Tank
Reservoir
AAiT Water Supply & Urban Drainage
By Zerihun Alemayehu
Pipeline layout options
AAiT
Layout of distribution systems
• Gridiron systems
▫ Discharge, friction loss and pipe
size is less
▫ Not problematic if a pipe is
damaged
▫ No dead ends allows circulation
of water
▫ Good for fire fighting
▫ more pipelines and shut-off valves
▫ high cost of construction
▫ design is difficult and expensive
AAiT
Purpose Distribution reservoirs
• Equalizing supply and demand
• Increasing operating convenience
• Leveling out pumping requirements
• Providing water during source or pump failure
• Maintaining pressure levels within acceptable ranges
• Providing water to meet fire demands
• Increase detention times
• Blending water sources
200
100
Demand as % of total
6.7 9.2 20.8 28.3 25 10
daily demand
515 ×6.7 3
=34.51𝑚
100 3
515 𝑚 × 3 Equalizing volume
𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒= × 4 h𝑟 =171.67 𝑚 𝑝𝑒𝑟 4 h𝑟𝑠
12h𝑟
Storage required = 214.76 + 0.25 x 214.76 = 268.45 m 3 or 270 m3
Emergency volume
AAiT Water Supply & Urban Drainage
By Zerihun Alemayehu
Solution
175
Excess pumped or
Equalizing volume
150
125
100
75
50
25
0 4 8 12 16 20 24
ho = H + ZL – Zo + Head loss
iL = no. of pipes
jL = no. of nodes iL = j L + kL - 1
kL = no. of loops
AAiT Water Supply & Urban Drainage
By Zerihun Alemayehu
Pipe Network Geometry
iL = no. of pipes
jL = no. of nodes iL = j L + kL - 1
kL = no. of loops
AAiT Water Supply & Urban Drainage
By Zerihun Alemayehu
Pipe Network Geometry
iL = no. of pipes
jL = no. of nodes iL = j L + kL - 1
kL = no. of loops
AAiT Water Supply & Urban Drainage
By Zerihun Alemayehu
Hydraulic analysis
• Includes determination of the following:
Discharges
Head loss
Pressure head
R
A P-4
P-1 P-3 P-5 E
C
1570
P-2
L3
L1
B
2310
Q o
75 mm
50 m
El. 1250
El. 1207
R El. 1185
150 m A 200 m 250 m
E
200 mm 200 mm C 75 mm
Q = 0.25 m3/min
El. 1177
75 mm
75 m
El. 1192
B Q = 1 m3/min
Q = 1 m3/min
100 mm
v = 2.1 m/s
B Q = 1 m3/min
( )
1.85
𝐿 𝑄 D
h 𝑙=10.68
𝐷
4.866
𝐶 Q = 0.75 m3/min
100 mm, 50 m
El. 1250 hl = 2.36 m
Q = 1 m3/min
R Q = 2 m3/min A 125 mm, 200 m Q = 0.25 m3/min
E
150 mm, 150 m hl = 5.43 m C 75 mm, 250 m
hl = 6.04 m hl = 6.27 m
Q = 1 m3/min
100 mm, 75 m
hl = 6.03 m
B