CHAPTER 4:

Presentation, Analysis,
and Interpretation of Data
PRESENTATION:
ANALYSIS:
• Data analysis is the process of inspecting, rearranging,
modifying, and transforming data to extract useful
information from it.
• Improper analysis always distorts the scientific findings
anxd lead the readers to believe in a wrong notion.
• Inapropriate analysis not only limits into numerical data
but also non-statistical data too, if the analyst has
integrity issue.
Reminder:

• Maintaining the integrity of data (honest,

maintaining truthful)
• Credible data analysis
INTERPRETATION OF DATA:

• Data interpretation is the process of

reviewing data and arriving at relevant
conclusions using various analytical
research methods. Data Analysis assists
researchers in categorizing, manipulating
data, and summarizing data to answer
critical questions.
CHAPTER 5:

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
CONCLUSION
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS:

• A summary of findings table presents the

key information about the most important
outcomes of a treatment, including the best
effect estimate and the certainty of the
evidence for each outcome.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SUMMARY
OF FINDINGS:

• There should be a brief statement about the main

purpose of the study, the population or
respondents, the period of study, method of
research used the research.
• The findings may be lumped up all together but
clarity demands that each specific question under
the statement of the problem must be written first
to followed by the findings that would answer .
HOW TO WRITE SUMMARY OF
FINDINGS:
• The summary of findings should directly answer the statement of the
problem
• Do not include discussion or findings that are not reflected in your
statement of the problem.
• The presentation of the findings should be objective and based on the
analyzed data from the previous chapter of your study
• No conclusions nor recommendations should be included in this part
of the study
• Repeat this form with the preceding specific problems of the study
HOW TO WRITE SUMMARY OF
FINDINGS:
• The format of this part of the study may be presented by starting with
an introductory statement
• This would then be followed by the presentation of the 1 ^ n specific
problem then immediately in a new paragraph, the presentation of the
finding corresponding to this problem
• Repeat this form with the preceding specific problems of the study
REMINDERS:

• Simply put, look at the key topics in the conclusion and

recommendations. If that topic was not precisely assessed by
the questionnaire, then you cannot draw a conclusion or
make a recommendation about that topic.
• It is important that everything in this last section is based on
the results of the data analysis.
• In an empirical research study, the conclusions and
recommendations must be directly related to the data that was
collected and analyzed.
CONCLUSION:
• The conclusion in a research paper is the final
section where you summarize the key points,
restate the thesis or main argument, and provide
a closing perspective on the research findings. It
often highlights the significance of the study,
discusses implications, suggests areas for further
research, and solidifies the overall takeaway for
the reader.
 THAT’S ALL
THANKYOUU!