WATER AND POWER

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY

HYDROPOWER GREEN, CLEAN AND SUSTAINABLE POWER

 WAPDA

GUARANTOR OF ENERGY, WATER AND FOOD SECURITY OF PAKISTAN

2
 WAPDA – MANDATE

Pakistan Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) established through

an Act of Parliament in February 1958 (WAPDA Act 1958).
CHARTER OF DUTIES:
• Irrigation, water-supply and drainage; and recreational use of water resources
• The generation, transmission and distribution of power; and the construction,
maintenance and operation of power houses and grids (WAPDA
Debundled/Restructured into 10 Dist + 04 Gen + 01 Transmission in October
2007)
• Flood control
• The prevention of waterlogging and reclamation of waterlogged and salted lands;
• Inland navigation 3
 DEVELOPMENT OF WATER & POWER RESOURCES BY WAPDA
Hydropower Thermal Power
Command Area 30 Million Acres Drainage 23 14
Reclamation of land 22 Million Acres 62
Drinking Water 324 MGD 9,476 MW 6,190 MW
25,160 KMs
14,322 T/Wells Grid Station
Barrages 47,618 Nos
07
T/Lines
0.72 MAF 51,425 KMs

Distribution
Canals
Network
16
11KV/440/220
1,454 KMs
465,000 KMs

Dams Village
15 1958- Electrified
20.85 MAF 2023 125,000

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 ONGOING PROJECTS
Mohmand Dam Dasu Hydropower
Diamer Basha Dam
(1.29 MAF, 800 MW and (2,160 MW Ph 1)
(8.1 MAF, 4,500 MW)
Water Supply 300 MGD)

Kurram Tangi Dam

Nai Gaj Dam Tarbela 5th Ext HP
(18.9 MW, 16,000 Acres
(0.3 MAF) (1,530 MW)
CCA)

Naulong Dam Harpo HPP

(0.24 AF, 4.4 MW) (34.5 MW)

IBIS- Telemetry Project Chashma Right Bank Canal Kachhi Canal

K – IV Project
(Installation of 07-Key L&G Project (30,000 Acres Land)
Discharge Monitoring Sites) (Water Supply 260 MGD)
(CCA 295,774 acres) Remaining works, Phase-I

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 ONGOING PROJECTS - IMPACTS

• Gross Water Storage 9.9 MAF

• Power Generation 9,048 MW

• Social Uplift Plans Rs. 102 Bn

• Jobs Creation More than 35,000

• Land to be Irrigated 3.9 Million Acres

• Urban Water Supply 560 MGD

6
 KEY HIGHLIGHTS OF WAPDA’S PROFILE
1
Largest supplier of hydro power - contributes over 95% to
country’s hydro power
2 Lead Corporate Parastatal of Pakistan

3 Attractive growth story upward on trajectory

4 Financially viable for supporting future expansion plans

5 Secure revenue stream driven by regulatory and tariff model

6 Financial flexibility due to multiple sources of funding

7
WAPDA's operations are aligned with the United Nations
Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) of 6, 7, 8, 9 and 13
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 ENERGY SECTOR IN PAKISTAN SINCE 2007
WAPDA’s ROLE
Hydel Power
Generation, DISTRIBUTION to
Water & TRANSMISSION
CONSUMER
Hydropower
Development CPPA –G
Market Operator
Financial clearing
house for
transactions
between Generation
Companies and
Distribution
Other Generation
Companies Companies for the
sale and purchase
of electric power
Distribution Companies
NTDC LESCO, FESCO,
PESCO etc.

FLOW OF ENERGY 8
 THE ENERGY DYNAMICS
0.22 OF PAKISTAN
10.87 0.71
ENERGY 2.9 0.71
WAPDA
MIX
HYDEL IPPS
Total Generation
121 Billion GENCOS
Units/Year WAPDA Hydel
28.7
THERMAL IPPS

INDUSTRIAL
PLANTS
68.71

NUCLEAR

1.82 WIND
6.8
All Figures are in Billion Units (kWh)
SOLAR
WAPDA’s tariff @ Rs 3.37 /KWh
Subsidizing the Entire Energy Value Chain BIOFUELS
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 PROJECTS READY TO KICK OFF

Dasu HPP, Stage-

Bunji HPP Thakot-I, II & III

Hydropower Projects
II
(7100 MW) (4714 MW)
(2160 MW)

Keyal Khwar Attabad

Patan HPP
HPP Hydropower
(2400 MW)
(128 MW) (54 MW)

Multipurpose
Kalabagh Dam Naulong Dam

Dam
(6.1 MAF, 3600 (242,163 AF , 4.4
MW) MW)
20,160 MW

84 Billion units
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 INDUSINDUS CASCADE
CASCADE- PAKISTAN’S
THE MOST MOST
PRECIOUS PRECIOUSOF
RESOURCE ASSET
PAKISTAN
Indus enters Pakistan
Altitude 8,430 ft
5.5 MAF Shyok 640 MW
3.0 MAF Skardu 1,200 MW
Tungus 2,200 MW
Yulbo 2,800 MW
Bunji 7,100 MW
6.4 MAF Diamer Basha 4,500 MW
Drop of 7,840 Dasu 4,320 MW
feet
Pattan 2,400 MW
Thakot 4,673 MW
6.05 MAF Tarbela/GB 7,748 MW
6.0 MAF Akhori 600 MW
42,196 MW 6.0 MAF Kalabagh 3,600 MW
Jinnah 96 MW
33 MAF 0.28 MAF Chashma 184 MW
Taunsa 135 MW
Multiple Sites along this stretch Altitude 590 ft 11
WHERE WOULD WAPDA TAKE PAKISTAN IN THE COMING
DECADES – THE SILVER LINNING

12
STORAGE –PRESENT AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENT BY WAPDA
60

50.07
50
42.47
40

30 25.37

20 13.65

10

Present 2030 2040 2050

0
Storage (MAF)
HYDROPOWER –PRESENT AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENT BY WAPDA
60000
51379
50000

39701
40000

30000 24811

20000
9470
10000

Present 2030 2040 2050

0
Hydropower (MW)
 TARIFF
80,000 10
74,544 74,544
9
70,000

56,516 8
60,000 7.4 56,516
6.8 7.0 7
50,000 5.3 6.4
6.0 6
42,348 5.7
40,000 37,073 37,073 37,073 5

4.1 4
30,000

3
20,000
2
10,000
1

0 -
FY 23-24 FY 24-25 FY 25-26 FY 26-27 FY 27-28 FY 28-29 FY 29-30 FY 30-31

Net Electrical Output, GWh Average Tariff, Rs/kWh

WAPDA tariff subsidizes the entire value chain. Once the hydel ratio of
generation mix is around 40% by 2030, the National Basket tariff will
significantly get curtailed.
LOW CARBON EMISSION, TRANSFORMATION FROM FOSSIL
FUELS TO SUSTAINABLE HYDROPOWER ENERGY FOR GREEN
FUTURE
 FOSSIL FUELS-WORLD SCENARIO

 Since the Industrial Revolution, fossil fuels have become the dominant

energy source for most countries across the world.

 But the burning of fossil fuels – coal, oil, and gas – is responsible for around

three-quarters of global greenhouse gas emissions. They are also a major

source of air pollution, which is responsible millions of premature deaths

every year.
 CARBON EMISSIONS – PAKISTAN OVERVIEW

 Pakistan is a developing country that is impacted by climate change, while

being a small contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions. However,

national emissions will increase with population, economic, industrial and

urban growth.

 Appropriate low-carbon interventions can help to ensure that Pakistan

remains a low emitter as the country develops, without hampering growth.

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ANNUAL CO2 EMISSIONS-PAKISTAN

19
CO2 EMISSIONS BY FUEL OR ENERGY-PAKISTAN

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RELIANCE OF FOSSIL FUELS IN ENERGY SECTOR IS NOT
ONLY CONTRIBUTING TOWARDS CARBON EMISSIONS
AND GREEN HOUSE GASSES AS WELL AS
UNDERMINING THE FINANCIAL RESOURCES AS
COMPARED TO RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT
INCLUDING HYDROPOWER

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OVERVIEW OF THE ENERGY SECTOR OF PAKISTAN
Installed Capacity Percentage
Source
(MW) Share
GENCO’s Thermal 3,707 9.97%
IPP’s Thermal 17,161 46.13%
WAPDA Hydro 9,407 25.29%
IPP’s Hydro 1205 3.24%
Nuclear 3,620 9.73%
Wind 1,235 3.32%
Solar 500 1.34%
Bagasse 364 0.98%
TOTAL 37,199

SOURCE: Power system Statistics 47th Edition ,NTDC

OVERVIEW OF THE ENERGY SECTOR OF PAKISTAN

SOURCE: Power system Statistics 47th Edition ,NTDC

OVERVIEW OF THE ENERGY SECTOR OF PAKISTAN

SOURCE: Power system Statistics 47th Edition ,NTDC

 The Government’s Power Generation Policies had
encouraged private sector investment through the
Independent Power Producers (IPPs)
which are currently producing more than 70 % of
overall generation, mostly in thermal power domain.

This continued reliance on thermal power generation

over last two decades has unbalanced the Hydel:
Thermal mix ratio. During decade of 80’s the Hydel:
Thermal power generation was in the ratio of 2:1 which
has reversed and at present stand at 1:2.

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EFFORTS BY WAPDA TOWARDS ACHIEVING ZERO CARBON
ENERGY GENERATION
 EXISTING HYDROPOWER STATIONS
Project Benefits
Sr. Project Completion
# Gross Storage Power Year
(MAF) (MW)
SMALL HPP’S
1 Mangla 7.356 1,070 1967
2 Tarbela 5.882 3,478 1978
Power Completion
Project
3 Tarbela 4th Ext - 1,410 2018 (MW) Year

4 Warsak - 243 1981 Daragai 20 1952

5 Ghazi Barotha - 1,450 2003 Rasul 22 1952
6 Chashma 0.278 184 2000 Shadiwal 14 1961

7
Neelum - 969 2018
Nandipur 14 1959
Jhelum Chichoki
13 1935
8 Khan Khwar - 72 2012 Malian
Kurram
9 Satpara - 17.4 2012 Ghari
4 1957

10 Allai Khwar - 121 2013 Renala 1 1935

11 Duber Khwar - 130 2013 Chitral 1 1975

12 Jinnah - 96 2013
13 Jabban - 22 2013
14
Gomal Zam 0.892 17.4 2013
dam
15 Golen Gol - 108 2018
16 Small HPP’s - 89 1952-1975
TOTAL 14.41 9,476 1
WAPDA’S RECENT COMPLETED PROJECTS

Neelum Jhelum

Tarbela 4th Ext.

Golen Gol

Kachhi Canal (Phase-I)

Rainee Canal

RBOD-I & III

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 PROJECTS UNDER EXECUTION BY WAPDA
Mohmand Dam
Dassu Hydropower
(1.29 MAF, 800 MW and
(4320 MW, 2160 MW Ph 1)
Water Supply 300 MGD)
Diamer Basha Dam
(8.1 MAF, 4500 MW)

Tarbela 5th Ext HP Kurram Tangi Dam

(1530 MW) (18.9 MW, 16000 Acres CCA)

Harpo HPP
(34.5 MW)
Nai Gaj Dam Kachhi Canal
(0.3 MAF) (30,000 Acres Land)
IMPACT
Gross Water Storage - 11.7 MAF
Power / Annual Energy- 9025 MW / 34.5 Billion Unit
Sindh Barrage Urban Water Supply - 950 MGD K – IV Project
(2 MAF) Jobs Created - More than 35,000 (Water Supply 650 MGD)

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FUTURE PRIORITY HYDROPOWER PROJECTS
 INDUS CASCADE-THE MOST PRECIOUS ASSET

YULBO 8430 ft
2800 MW
BUNJI
7100 MW SKARDU
DASU (Stage-I & II) DIAMER BASHA 1200 MW, 3.5 MAF
4320 MW (4500 MW, 6.4 MAF
Live Storage)
SHYOK
640 MW, 5.0 MAF

Drop of 7840 feet upto Taunsa

PATAN Indus R
2400 MW iver Live Storage

THAKOT-I 2220 MW TUNGAS

2200 MW
THAKOT-II 1004 MW

THORGONAR
THAKOT-III 1490 MW SERMIC
600 MW
640 MW

TARBELA+4TH Ext.
6338 MW 6.0 MAF KHARMANG
1600 MW
TARBELA 5TH Ext.

45,000 MW
GBHPP 1450 MW
36.23 MAF
AKHORI
KALABAGH
600MW,6.0 MAF
3600MW, 7.9 MAF
IN OPERATION
JINNAH IDENTIFIED/DESKSTUDY COMPLETED
96 MW
UNDER CONSTRUCTION
135 MW TAUNSA and 2 MAF FEASIBILITY COMPLETED
CHASHMA
184 MW,0.2MAF
SINDH BARRAGE Further D/S 590 ft
DETAIL DESIGN COMPLETED
 MAIN INDUS RIVER
PRIORITY HYDROPOWER & WATER SECTOR PROJECTS
Mean Annual Gross
Installed
Sr. No Project Name Energy Storage Status
Capacity(MW)
(GWh) (MAF)

1,2,3 Thakot–I, II & III (KP) 4,800 22,000 RoR FS completed

4 Patan (KP) 2,400 12,500 RoR FS completed

5 Bunji (GB) 5,600 30,000 RoR DED completed

6 Yulbo (GB) 2,800 13,500 RoR DS completed

7 Tungas (GB) 2,200 11,000 RoR DS completed

8 Skardu (GB) 1,500 8,500 3.2 DS completed

9 Shyok (GB) 640 3,700 8.73 FS completed.

10 Kalabagh (Pb) 3,600 14,000 7.9 DED completed

TOTAL 23,540 115,000 19.83

 PRIORITY STORAGE PROJECTS
Live Storage Power Generation
Sr.
Projects River
No. MW
MAF

1 Chiniot Dam 0.90 80

2 Wazirabad Dam 1.0 90
Chenab River
3 Shah Jiwana Dam 1.3 80
4 Midh Ranjha Dam 1.3 80
5 Rohtas Dam Kahan River 1.0 50
6 Dhok Abaki Soan River 1.0 25
7 Murunj Dam Kaha Nullah 0.8 12
8 Hingol Dam Hingol River 1.206 1.37
9 Sindh Barrage Indus River 2.0 -
10 Dudhnial Dam Neelum River 1.0 960
 VIABLE CARBON CUTTING POLICIES

 Shifting towards renewable energy development by minizing thermal reliance

for energy generation

 Cutting electric power loss during transmission,

 More efficient water use in agriculture to reduce diesel-powered pumping,

minimizing farm tillage to keep carbon in the soil and using manure to

generate biogas.

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 WAYFORWARD

 In summary, hydropower in Pakistan offers an affordable, environmentally

friendly, and crucial solution for the country's energy needs.

 Its development and efficient utilization are pivotal for Pakistan's continued

socio-economic growth and energy security.

 The ongoing efforts by WAPDA to harness this potential are instrumental in

shaping the nation's energy landscape for the future.

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