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Lecture 1-2 Introd. Ergo
Lecture 1-2 Introd. Ergo
• Ergonomics is a Multi-Disciplinary
Science
PSYCHOLOGY PHYSIOLOGY
-COGNITIVE -ENVIRONMENTAL
-WORK -WORK
-SOCIAL ERGONOMICS
ANATOMY
-ANTHROPOMETRY
-BIOMECHANICS
DISCIPLINES IN ERGONOMICS
PSYCHOLOGY PHYSIOLOGY
-COGNITIVE -ENVIRONMENTAL
-WORK -WORK
-SOCIAL ERGONOMICS
INDUSTRIAL DESIGN
TOXICOLOGY
ANATOMY OPERATIONS
-ANTHROPOMETRY RESEARCH
ENVRONMENTAL -BIOMECHANICS
MEDICINE ENGINEERING
DISCIPLINES IN ERGONOMICS
ARTIFICIAL
INTELIGENCE MANUFACTURING
PSYCHOLOGY PHYSIOLOGY
-COGNITIVE -ENVIRONMENTAL
-WORK -WORK
-SOCIAL ERGONOMICS
INDUSTRIAL DESIGN
TOXICOLOGY
ANATOMY OPERATIONS
-ANTHROPOMETRY RESEARCH
ENVRONMENTAL -BIOMECHANICS
MEDICINE ENGINEERING
WORK
SYSTEMS DESIGN ORGANIZATION
ERGONOMICS
PROFESSIONS HAVING
COMPLEMENTARY ROLES WITH
ERGONOMICS
Safety Civil
Occupational
Officer Engineer
Health Officer
Mechanical
Industrial Engineer
Nurse ERGONOMICS
Architect
Physiotherapist
Industrial
Ind. Medical
Social Designer
Officer
Psychologist
ERGO-SYSTEMS
• Simple ergo-systems
e e
H H M
• Complex ergo-systems
e MM e M H
MHM H H H
WHAT IS ERGONOMICS?
Ergonomics is:
“Higher productivity and a better place to work”
“The science that saves both lives and dollars”
“Human engineering where the goal is to
optimize worker well being and productivity”
“A way of thinking about and planning work so
that it suits the capabilities and needs of the
people”
WHAT IS ERGONOMICS?
Psychological aspects
Avoid perceptual and mental loads and fatigue
Appropriate design of displays and control
Appropriate conditions for Vigilance tasks
Avoid human error and stress
Job motivation and satisfaction
Social psychology
Practice good relationship among employees and
between employer and employee
Ergonomic needs in a workplace (Contd,)
Macro ergonomics
Suitable working hours , intervals, holidays, leave
Appropriate shift schedules
Welfare facilities
Job rotation and incentives schemes
Fair salary structure, Good administrative structure
Good work organization schemes
Fringe benefits (housing, transport, sports)
Labour union facilities
Training and education
Promotional prospects
Ergonomic needs in a workplace (Contd.)
Safety and Ergonomics
Good housekeeping
Performance feedback
Systems ergonomics
Systems groups in problem solving and development
work
Participative ergonomics
User centered designs
Benefits of ergonomics
Productivity
Product quality
Safety
Health
Reliability
Job satisfaction
Personal development
The Questions Employers Need
Answers For:
Developing new products
Increasing production capacity
Identifying equipment and labor needs
Identifying costs of manufacturing products
Determining work hours and shift schedules
Defining job productivity and quality standards
Setting compensation levels
Identifying skills for tasks
Structuring tasks into jobs
Increasing the available workforce by reducing problematic
tasks
TRADITIONAL AND PRESENT
DAY TOOLS AND MACHINES
Traditional Present Day
Relatively simple Increasingly complex
Made by the user Made by a manufacturer
Small number made Large number made
Design error - small Design error - profound
consequences consequences
Product competitive-Marketing competitiveness
ness unimportant vital
Restricted user- popu- Wide variation in user
lation characteristics population
HOW CAN ERGONOMICS CONTRIBUTE TO
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT IN
INDUSTRIALLY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
By adaptation of technology of the west
By improving working conditions through ergonomics
interventions
By developing traditional methods
In acquiring modern technology
In modifying techniques
Hand Tools
Use hanging tools for operations repeated in
the same place
Provide hand support when using precision
tools
Provide hand tools with a grip of the proper
thickness (hand diameter 30-40 mm, handle
length 125 mm and size to fit male hands)
Provide a home for each tool (Enables good
housekeeping)
Some important ergonomic requirements (From ILO Ergonomic
Checkpoints)
Lighting
• Increased use of daylight
• Light up the work area evenly
• Sufficient lighting for working
• Local lighting for precision work
• Removing shiny surfaces
• Avoid glare
Some important ergonomic requirements (From ILO Ergonomic
Checkpoints)
Premises
Prevent the exposure to excessive heat
Install effective local exhaust systems
Increase the use of natural ventilation
Some important ergonomic requirements (From ILO Ergonomic
Checkpoints)
Welfare facilities
• Provide effective and acceptable
personal protective devices
Some important ergonomic requirements (From ILO Ergonomic
Checkpoints)
Work Organization
• Involve worker in planning
• Inform the worker the results of their
work
• Job enrichment (combine tasks)