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1 Introducing Science 中 /EN
Flipped classroom
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1.1 Introducing Science
A. What is science?
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Have you heard the
story of a famous
scientist named
Issac Newton?
Why does the

apple fall to
the ground?
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He was curious
about an apple
falling to the
ground and started
to study the force
of gravity.
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Scientists are always curious about what happens

around them.
They want to know why and how it happens.
The study of phenomena and events in

Nature through systematic observation
and experimentation is called science.
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Science enables us to answer many questions in

Nature.
Why do northern lights take place?

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Science enables us to answer many questions in

Nature.
Where do I come from? Why does iron rust?
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B. The branches of science
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Science can be divided into

different branches…
Physics
the study of matter,
energy and forces
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Chemistry
the study of the
properties,
composition, structure
and reactions of matter
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Biology
the study of living
things
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Astronomy
the study of the Sun, the
Moon, the stars and the
Universe
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Geology
the study of the structure
of the Earth
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Medicine
the study of the
human body and
diseases
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• ___________
Science is the study of phenomena
and events in Nature through systematic
observation and experimentation.
• There are different branches of science.
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C.Application and impact of science
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1. Scientific discoveries and inventions
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Scientists have made many contributions to the

world including important discoveries.
For example
• In the 19th century, Louis Pasteur, a French
scientist, discovered that microorganisms
can cause wine to turn sour.
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For example
• He was also one of the scientists who
discovered that microoganisms can cause
diseases.
× 14000
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For example
• His discoveries led to important
inventions, for example the vaccines of
some diseases.
× 14000
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Pasteurization
Another great invention of Louis Pasteur is
pasteurization. It is a technique of heating wine
or milk to a particular temperature and then
quickly cooling it. This can keep the drink fresh
for a longer time.
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Other inventions have greatly improved the

quality of our lives.
Light bulb (1879) Computer (1976)
Aeroplane (1903) Wi-Fi (2003)

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Can you think of

other great scientific
discoveries and
inventions?
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Activity 1.1
Contributions of scientists
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Activity 1.1
1. Have you heard of the following famous
scientists? Do you know their contributions?
Marie Curie Lap-Chee Tsui Charles Kao

(1864 – (born in 1950) (born in 1933)
1934)
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1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
Activity 1.1
1. Have you heard of the following famous
scientists?
Charles Darwin Albert Einstein Youyou Tu

(1809 – 1882) (1879 – 1955) (born in 1930)
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Activity 1.1
1. Some contributions are listed in the table below.
For each contribution, write the name of the
scientist who made it and state the branch of
science involved.
Contribution Scientist Branch of science
(a) Discovered artemisinin
that treats malaria
Youyou Yu Medicine
(b) Invented optical fibres
which are used in Charles Kao Physics
telecommunications
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Activity 1.1
1.
Contribution Scienctist Branch of science
(c) Proposed the theory of Charles
Darwin
Biology
evolution
(d) Made contributions to the Lap-Chee
Human Genome Project Tsui
Biology
(e) Developed early theories
Marie Curie Chemistry
of radioactivity
(f) Developed the theory of
relativity, which helps us Albert Physics
understand the Universe Einstein
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Scientific discoveries and inventions bring us many

benefits. However, they can also cause harm if
they are not used properly.
Benefit Nuclear technology Harm
Electricity can be produced Nuclear weapons can kill

using nuclear technology. many people.
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Scientific discoveries and inventions bring us many

benefits. However, they can also cause harm if
they are not used properly.
Benefit Plastic Harm
Plastic products bring us Plastics cause pollution to

convenience. our environment.
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Activity 1.2
Possible harm caused

by scientific inventions
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Activity 1.2
Look at the following scientific inventions. Search
information and discuss the harm they can cause if
not used properly.
Smartphones Pesticides Antibiotics
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Scientific __________
discoveries and __________
inventions have
greatly improved our quality of life. However,
they can also cause harm if not used properly.
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2. Natural resource management
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Humans need many things to stay alive,

such as…
Shelter Water
Food
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The Earth provides us with many natural

resources to meet these needs.
The major natural resources of Earth include:
• water
• living things (plants and animals)
• fossil fuels
• air
• metal ores
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Plants and animals are natural resources. They

provide us with food (such as corn and fish) and
raw materials (such as wood).
Corn Fish Wood
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How many types of natural resources?

There are two types of natural resources,
renewable resources and non-renewable
resources.
NATURAL
RESOURCES
RENEWABLE NON-RENEWABLE
RESOURCES RESOURCES
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Renewable resources are resources that can
be replenished continuously in Nature and will
not be used up.
RENEWABLE RESOURCES
Plants Animals Water Air

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Non-renewable resources are those that
cannot be replenished in a short time once
they are used up. Their supply is limited.
NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES
Fossil fuels Metal ores

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• Today, many natural resources such as fossil
fuels are being used up quickly. They will
soon be exhausted.
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• Natural resources such as water and air are
seriously affected by pollution.
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• Therefore, it is important to manage our
precious natural resources well so that they
can continue to support our needs in the
future.
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With scientific knowledge, we can develop

new ways to manage and use our resources.
• Solar panels can change
light energy from the
Sun to electrical energy.
• They are widely used in

solar power stations to
produce electricity.
• Using solar power helps

reduce the use of fossil
fuels.
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• Reclaimed water is
produced from treated
sewage that is further
purified using advanced
technologies.
• It is ultra-clean and even
safe to drink.
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• Turning sewage into
reclaimed water helps us
manage our water
resources and solve water
shortage problems.
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• There are two types of natural resources,

__________
renewable resources and
____________________
non-renewable resources.
• Scientific knowledge can help in natural
resource management.
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1.1 e-Checkpoint 1.1
1. Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false

statement.
(a) Fish and crops are natural resources. T
(b) Both air and water are renewable
T
resources.
(c) Natural resources on Earth have
F
unlimited supply.
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2. Reforestation aims at planting new trees to

restore forests. This helps manage the natural
resources of
(1) fossil fuels. (2) plants.
(3) air. (4) metal ores.
A. (1) only C. (1) and (3)
only D
B. (4) only
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D. (2) andSlide
1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
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3. Development of technology
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Is there any relationship between

scientific knowledge and technology?
Scientific knowledge
can also be used to
develop technology.
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Is there any relationship between

scientific knowledge and technology?
Engineers apply scientific

knowledge to create useful
products and techniques. A
drone and 3D printing
technology are two examples.
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Engineers apply knowledge of

signal transmission material
A drone observing science, etc. to create a drone.
a whale
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A drone is controlled by signals

transmitted from a remote
A drone observing control system. It is made of
a whale light materials to reduce
weight.
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It has many applications, for

example, studying volcanoes
A drone observing and observing sea animals. It
a whale is also widely used in aerial
photography.
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A 3D printer can ‘print out’ a 3D object.

Firstly, a 3D model of the object is made by using a
computer software.
A 3D printer
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Then, with the control of a computer, the 3D

printer can ‘print out’ the object based on the 3D
model. 3D-printed objects are produced from
suitable materials such as a special plastic.
A 3D printer
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3D printing is used in a wide range of fields, from

home decoration to health care.
3D-printed dental model
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4. Integrating and applying knowledge

and skills of different subjects
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In solving many problems of daily life, we need to

integrate and apply the knowledge and skills of
science, technology and mathematics. These
fields of study are closely related.
+ +
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STEM education
‘STEM’ stands for four fields of study: Science,
Technology, Engineering and Mathematics.
STEM education focuses on creativity and
innovation. It also focuses on integrating and
applying different knowledge and skills to solve
problems.
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Activity 1.3
Using knowledge and

skills from different fields
of study
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Activity 1.3
Discuss with your classmates the knowledge and

skills from different fields of study (among Science,
Technology and Mathematics) we apply to solve
the problems of global warming and energy crisis.
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Activity 1.3
Problem of global warming
Science Technology Mathematics

development of Estimation of the change in
Knowledge about technologies that can temperature, calculation of
photosynthesis, greenhouse remove atmospheric carbon emission from
gases/effect, deforestation dioxide e.g. man-made vehicles/factories
leaves
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Activity 1.3
Problem of energy crisis
Science Technology Mathematics

Knowledge of renewable Calculation of Development of dam/wind
and non-renewable energy energy/power/electricity turbines, development of
sources generation, estimation of electric cars/hybrid vehicles
how long fossil fuels can
last
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In solving many problems of daily life, we

need to integrate and apply the knowledge
and skills from different fields of study.
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D. Limitations of science
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Although science has many applications that

benefit humans, it has limitations.
There are still some problems that cannot be
solved using our present scientific knowledge.
What is the origin of the Universe? How can we cure cancers?
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In addition, many problems involving

relationships, ethics and wars cannot be solved
by using scientific knowledge.
How can I have a better How can we prevent wars?

relationship with my friends?
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Besides, scientific knowledge is subject to

change.
It may be disproved if it is found to be

wrong by new evidence in the future.
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Example 1
The concept of a flat Earth has been disproved.
Before 600 BCE, many

people thought that
the Earth was flat.
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Example 1
The concept of a flat Earth has been disproved.
People believe today that
the Earth is round.
After sailors
completed a voyage
around the Earth
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Example 2
Evidence shows that the tongue map is wrong.
It was believed that
different areas of the
tongue are responsible
for detecting the tastes
of sweet, bitter, sour and
salty. This idea was
shown in a tongue map.
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Example 2
Evidence shows that the tongue map is wrong.
It is proved that these tastes can be detected all
over the tongue. The tongue map was a
misconception.
Laboratory taste tests

and research showed
new evidence
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• Some problems cannot be solved using

scientific knowledge.
• Scientific knowledge is subject to change.
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Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false

statement.
(a) We only need to apply scientific
knowledge but not other fields of F
study to solve problems of daily life.
(b) Science has many applications but
T
it also has some limitations.
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Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false

statement.
(c) Scientific knowledge is reliable and will

F
not be disproved.
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1 Introducing Science 中 /EN

Aristo 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Slide 1/80

Aristo 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Slide 2/80

Why does the

Aristo 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Slide 3/80

Aristo 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Slide 4/80

Scientists are always curious about what happens

The study of phenomena and events in

Aristo 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Slide 5/80

Science enables us to answer many questions in

Why do northern lights take place?

Science enables us to answer many questions in

Where do I come from? Why does iron rust?

Aristo 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Slide 7/80

B. The branches of science

Aristo 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Slide 8/80

Science can be divided into

Aristo 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Slide 9/80

Science can be divided into

Aristo 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Slide 10/80

Science can be divided into

Aristo 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Slide 11/80

Science can be divided into

Aristo 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Slide 12/80

Science can be divided into

Aristo 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Slide 13/80

Science can be divided into

Aristo 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Slide 14/80

Aristo 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Slide 15/80

C.Application and impact of science

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1. Scientific discoveries and inventions

Aristo 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Slide 17/80

Scientists have made many contributions to the

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Scientists have made many contributions to the

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Scientists have made many contributions to the

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Aristo 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Slide 21/80

Other inventions have greatly improved the

Light bulb (1879) Computer (1976)

Aeroplane (1903) Wi-Fi (2003)

Can you think of

Aristo 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Slide 23/80

Aristo 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Slide 24/80

Marie Curie Lap-Chee Tsui Charles Kao

Charles Darwin Albert Einstein Youyou Tu

Aristo 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Slide 27/80

Aristo 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Slide 28/80

Scientific discoveries and inventions bring us many

Electricity can be produced Nuclear weapons can kill

Scientific discoveries and inventions bring us many

Plastic products bring us Plastics cause pollution to

Possible harm caused

Aristo 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Slide 31/80

Smartphones Pesticides Antibiotics

Aristo 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Slide 32/80

Aristo 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Slide 33/80

2. Natural resource management

Aristo 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Slide 34/80

Humans need many things to stay alive,