Research Project

October 2023

By Jackline Lidubwi
CHAPTER THREE

TOPIC

TELEVISION FRAMING OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY AND

INVOLVEMENT OF LEARNERS IN INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN KENYA
RESEARCH DESIGN

• Indicate the type of research, justify the choice of type of research by citing authority.

• This study adopted the descriptive cross-sectional research design.

• It is the framework that specifies the interrelations between the study variables. Cooper
and Schindler, (2014)
• The design allows for the collection of data across a large number of respondents at one
point in time.
• The cross-sectional research design allowed the researcher to collect both quantitative and
qualitative data.
POPULATION

 Clearly identify the population and the target population.

 Justify the target population.

The target population of the study comprised of stakeholders in inclusive

education in Nairobi County, Kenya.
These comprised of school curriculum implementers, TV broadcasting
actors, and the champions of education for children with special needs.
 POPULATION

Stakeholder Category Number

Inclusive education schools in Nairobi County 48
Sub-county education officers 17
TV programmes 72
TV producers 80
Kenya Association of Intellectual Handicapped 5
SAMPLING FRAME

 Justify the choice of sampling frame.

The population of inclusive schools was 48 depicting a small and finite population. The study adopted
the formular in Yamane (1967) and Adam (2020) to determine the sample size as follows:

•n =

•Where: n = Sample size; N = Population, and e = is the confidence level.

•n = = 40
SAMPLING FRAME

• The population of the TV stations was 80. Purposive sampling technique was employed to get a
suitable sample for the study. Three television stations were purposively identified, namely the
Kenya Broadcasting Corporation Television (KBC-TV), Kenya Television Network News (KTN
News) and Signs TV. The Media Council Act (2013) requires that public broadcasters provide a
diverse range of programmes in the fields of information, culture, education and entertainment.
They are also responsible for providing a reliable news service.
• To begin with, KBC-TV was chosen because it is the national broadcaster whose mandate is to air
programmes of public interest to all groups in the society. It also has a wide coverage that is
national………..
 SAMPLE FOR QUANTITATIVE PHASE

Month Days KBC TV KTN News Signs TV

July 8   
August 8   
September 8   
October 8   
November 8   
December 8   
Total 48
 SAMPLE FOR QUALITATIVE PHASE

Category Number
Media Producers 4
DPOs 4
County Education Officers 4
Parents 4
Caregivers 4
Head Teachers 4
Teachers 4
Total 28
INSTRUMENTS

• Code sheets will be used to collect quantitative data

• Interview guide will be used to gather qualitative data
• The instruments will be tested for validity and
reliability through a pilot study
11 DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE

• Data collected using questionnaires ,code sheets and interview

schedules
• Key informants used to gain access to special school institutions
• Research assistants helped administer questionnaire
• Emails were used to optimize completion rates
• The researcher conducted interviews
• A pilot study of the code sheet and the interview guide was conducted.
• A code sheet was on television programmes from two television stations
that were not part of the study.
• An interview of 8 respondents was conducted between May and June
2021.
• The interview was carried out among respondents from other
organisations that deal with intellectual disability in Nairobi County that
were not part of the main study.
DATA PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS

• Quantitative data will be analyzed using descriptive and

inferential statistics.
• Means and percentages will be used for descriptive
analysis while the chi-square will be used for inferential
analysis.
• The Software Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) (v26)
will be used to conduct the statistical analysis.
•Thank you