THE KOREAN PENINSULA WAR

AP United States History

Unit 9 Cold War & Conformity, 1945-1960

PRESENTED BY
YOSEP IYAI
 Origins of the Korean War
Civil War In Korea
A united Korea.
1947, free elections are ordered by
the United Nations.
Communists refuse to participate
in the elections.
Syngman Rhee elected president,
nation is recognized by the United
States and 30 other nations.
United States and the Allies
remove troops following the S y n g ma n R
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Origins of the Korean War
Civil War In Korea

June 1950, civil war

erupts in Korea.
Northern Korea
overrun by Communist
forces stationed in
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Begins to threaten the

more populace
southern Korea.
 Origins of the Korean War
Truman Calls A Special Session Of The UN Security
Council
Russia would walk
out, thereby forfeiting
their veto concerning
this issue.
Security Council votes 9-
0 on a resolution
condemning the invasion U.N. S
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 Origins of the Korean War
Truman Meets With Civilian and Military Advisors

Orders the 7th Fleet to

neutralize the potential
involvement of or
invasion of Taiwan.
General MacArthur is to
furnish arms and air
support from Japan.
House of Representatives
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 Origins of the Korean War
UN Security Council

Members of the U.N. are

to provide assistance to
South Korea.
Set up a unified U.N.
Command and invites the
U.S. to name a general.
19 nations respond with America
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money.
• Called a “police action.”
 Origins of the Korean War
UN Security Council

Problems with the U.N.

contingent.
No common language.
Some equipment is obsolete or
does not match other nations’
equipment.
Differences in tactics and no
true unified goal.
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Outnumbered by North Korean

troops.
 Origins of the Korean War
UN Security Council

Result: North Koreans

overrun most of South
Korea and U.N. forces
pushed to the port of
Pusan.
United States rushes in two
divisions from Japan.
Launches an amphibious
assault on the port of Inchon
behind the North Korean line. Pusan Perim
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Successfully encircles
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North Korean troops.

 Origins of the Korean War
UN Security Council

Turned the tide 15

September 1950 at Pusan.
Counteroffensive drives
North Korea back to the 38th
parallel.
Half of the invaders south
of the 38th parallel were
th Parallel:
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destroyed or captured.
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Retakes the capital of

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Seoul.
Communist Chinese Aggression
3 October 1950

Chinese release
statement.
China would not “sit
back with folded hands
and let the Americans
come to the border.”
“If U.S. or U.N. forces
crossed the 38th parallel,
China would send
troops to the frontier to
Mao Ze
defend North Korea.”
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Communist Chinese Aggression
MacArthur 's Reaction
Felt that there was very
little likelihood of Chinese
intervention.
U.S. controlled the skies.
If the Chinese army would
cross into Korea, the U.S. Air
Force would inflict “the
greatest slaughter in human
history.”
Bad command in U.S. Air
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Communist Chinese Aggression
MacArthur 's Reaction

United Nations forces

were driving North
Koreans toward the
Yalu River boundary
between North Korea
and Manchuria (a
province of China).
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Communist Chinese Aggression
Impact Of MacArthur 's Miscalculations

The Chinese massed “one million volunteers.”

Part of the actual Chinese army, would join
forces with the North Koreans.
MacArthur launches an offensive on
Thanksgiving Day.
U.N. troops were caught in a trap by Chinese
and North Korean troops.
Lose nearly half of its forces at the Battle of Chosin
Reservoir.
U.S. counterattacks and the war becomes a bloody
stalemate.
 A New War?
MacArthur's Assessment

This was a new kind of

war, so it needed new
tactics.
If Communist China was
going to ignore the U.N.
mandate and get involved,
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 A New War?
MacArthur's Assessment

MacArthur’s suggestion.
United States blockade the
coast of China.
Bomb the Chinese
mainland.
Aid Chiang Kai-shek in an
invasion of mainland
China from Taiwan. http://1
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 A New War?
MacArthur's Assessment :Reaction

Joint Chiefs of Staff

refuse the suggestion.
General Omar Bradley,
Chairman of the J.C.S.
• War with China would
be “wrong war in the
wrong place at the
wrong time with the
wrong enemy.”
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 A New War?
MacArthur's Assessment :Reaction

Congress was debating

whether to send more
troops.
Eisenhower, Supreme
Commander of N.A.T.O.,
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and more money.

 A New War?
MacArthur's Assessment :Reaction

January 1951.
Joint Chiefs of Staff orders
MacArthur and Ridgway to
restrict activities to defense
and to not provoke a war
with China.
Stalemate results, but
Communist casualties rose to
over 1 million.
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 MacArthur & Truman Clash
MacArthur Disagrees With The JCS
Sends a letter to Congressman Joseph Martin,
Republican minority leader.
Says that an offensive was needed to ensure the defeat
of communism in Asia.
• “There is no substitute for victory.”
• Was a direct challenge to Truman’s foreign policy.
 The “containment policy” and “limited war” was not working.
• Truman faces the challenge.
 Warns MacArthur about making public statements that
suggests criticism of official U.S. policy.
 As Commander-in-Chief, Truman was the boss and
MacArthur the worker.
 MacArthur & Truman Clash
MacArthur's Dismissal

MacArthur would be
dismissed from his command.
Returns home to the states as a
hero.
Most Americans see wisdom in
his words.
Truman and the Democrats
would be viewed as MacA
r
“Old S thur’s Dism
“appeasers” for not trying to ol d
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MacArthur & Truman Clash
MacArthur Disagrees With The JCS

MacArthur & Truman Meet

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 MacArthur & Truman Clash
Armistice

Stalemate just north of

the 38th parallel.
Peace talks begin at
Panmunjon in July 1951.
Originally proposed by
the Soviet Union who did
on
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not want to see its rival
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China gain more power
in Asia or the United
States to have a win.
 MacArthur & Truman Clash
Armistice

Action would drag on

for another two years
before the armistice was
signed.
During peace
negotiations, Eisenhower
threatens to extend the
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 MacArthur & Truman Clash
Results For The United States

Casualty list.
Over 33,600 troops
dead, with another
110,000 injured or
M.I.A.
Economic cost: $15
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 MacArthur & Truman Clash
Results For The United States

Korea stays divided into

the 21st century.
Both sides would brutally
suppress political
opposition at home.
Rigid control over the lives
and liberties of the people
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• Actual loss for true

democratic principles.
REFERENCES