READING AND

WRITING
WEEK 5.2

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | QUEZON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

 WEEK 4-DAY 2

PROPERTIES OF WELL-WRITTEN
TEXT:
Organization
Coherence and Cohesion
Language Use
Mechanics

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | QUEZON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

MELC: Evaluate a written text based on its properties (organization,
coherence and cohesion, language use, and mechanics)

Specific Objectives
1. identify the part part/s of the statement that made it erroneous;
2. label the corrections in terms of the mechanics of writing; and
3. evaluate selected paragraph or article in terms of capitalization, punctuations,
spelling, and hyphenation.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | QUEZON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

REFERENCES
American Psychological Association (2023). Mechanics of style. https://apastyle.apa.org/style
grammar-guidelines/mechanics-style

University of Reading. (n.d.). Academic Writing. https://tinyurl.com/2d4ry2n7

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | QUEZON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

 REVIEW

Recall the key concepts of the following:

✔ Formal and informal language
✔ Standard English
✔ Jargons
✔ Slang and Idioms
✔ Euphemism

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | QUEZON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

 ACTIVITY

Instruction: Encircle the part/s of the statement below that made it erroneous.
Then, rewrite the sentence by applying the needed correction.

vernice is an epitome of service

oriented leadership. moreover she is
creative and inovative.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | QUEZON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

 ACTIVITY

Answer:

Vernice is an epitome of service-

oriented leadership. Moreover, she is
creative and innovative.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | QUEZON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

 ANALYSIS

Instruction: Label the corrections by using the key terms below.

CAPITALIZATIO
HYPHENATION PUNCTUATION SPELLING
N

Vernice is an epitome of service-

oriented leadership. Moreover, she is
creative and innovative.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | QUEZON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

 ANALYSIS

Answer:
CAPITALIZATIO PUNCTUATION
N HYPHENATION

Vernice is an epitome of service-oriented

leadership. Moreover, she is creative and
innovative.

SPELLING CAPITALIZATIO
N
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | QUEZON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
 ACTIVITY

Let’s ponder!

In the concept of writing, how do you categorize the given key

terms such as punctuation, spelling, hyphenation, and
capitalization?

MECHANICS
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 WEEK 4-DAY 2

MECHANICS IN WRITING

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | QUEZON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

 ABSTRACTION

Writing mechanics are the established

rules that should be followed when
writing sentences. They go hand in hand
MECHANICS with grammar as the standards to follow
when writing and are an important way
to effectively communicate ideas.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | QUEZON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

 ABSTRACTION

Punctuation establishes the cadence

of a sentence, telling readers where to
pause (comma, semicolon, and
colon), stop (period and question
1. mark), or take a detour (dash,
PUNCTUATION parentheses, and square brackets).
Punctuation of a sentence usually
denotes a pause in thought; different
kinds of punctuation indicate
different kinds and lengths of pauses.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | QUEZON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

 ABSTRACTION

Punctuation in brief:
• Use a comma to create a pause, to separate ideas in that
sentence.
• Use a semi-colon to create a break, but recognizes
connection of ideas
• Use a colon to connect two sentences thematically
• Use a full stop to create the end of that sentence.
• Use an apostrophe to indicate ownership or missing
letters/numbers.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | QUEZON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

 ABSTRACTION

1. Comma are used to break up different parts of a sentence. They

allow someone to make sense of what they are reading.
1.1. To separate words in a list
• He lost his house, his heritage, his hair, and his handkerchief.
1.2. To separate parts of a sentence:
• Firstly, I would like to consider the merits of supplementing the
diet with zinc extract.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | QUEZON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

 ABSTRACTION

1.3. To separate two parts of a linked idea

• After the French Revolution had taken place, many other
European countries were concerned about civil unrest.
1.4. To separate a final phrase, which is an afterthought
• Few people enjoy arduous and demanding exams, especially
on Saturdays.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | QUEZON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

 ABSTRACTION

2. The semi-colon contains a comma and a full stop.

2.1. To link sentences that are closely related
• The night sky was the deepest sapphire; Claire realized that she had
not observed its beauty until now.

Explanation: A full stop between the two sentences would detract from Claire's
observation, and a comma would not make enough of a break to allow the reader to
make sense of the two ideas.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | QUEZON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

 ABSTRACTION

2.2. To link sentences that are in opposition to each other

• His research methods were fundamentally flawed; nonetheless, he
collected the data.

2.3. To separate items in a list

• Mrs. Brown was assisted by other members of staff: Dr. Benham from
Animal Husbandry; Mr. Gleeson from Botany; and Dr. Chalk from Soil
Science.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | QUEZON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

 ABSTRACTION

3. When a colon is used in a sentence, the parts it separates do not

need to be complete sentences in their own right.
3.1. To introduce a list
• The results of the indoor team games were as follows: Wessex
came first, Bridges and Wantage were joint second, and Sibly
came last.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | QUEZON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

 ABSTRACTION

3.2. To link two sentences thematically

• Psychological studies into domestic violence are usually centred on an
idea of the nuclear family: Henry Davis decided that he should
undertake a more radical approach to research in this area.
3.3. To draw out a conclusion
• Language acquisition is a difficult but immensely rewarding task:
without it, there is little hope for global communication.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | QUEZON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

 ABSTRACTION

4. The apostrophe has two functions:

• To show that letters are missing. This is known as contraction.
• To indicate ownership. This is known as possession.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | QUEZON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

 ABSTRACTION
• Guidelines for spelling and hyphenation
ensure that writers use consistent spellings
for terms within and across works.
WRITING TIP!
2. SPELLING AND • Use the automatic spell-check function of your
word-processing program to check for spelling

HYPHENATION errors. Although spell-check cannot take the

place of careful proofreading (because words
spelled correctly may be used incorrectly), it will
lessen the chances that typographical errors
make their way into a published article or a
submitted assignment.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | QUEZON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

 ABSTRACTION

HYPHEN BASICS
A hyphen is a punctuation mark that connects words.
Use hyphens...
1. If a temporary compound can be misread.
• “Adolescents resided in two parent homes” (APA 7, p. 162). For clarity, this can be
rewritten as, “Adolescents resided in two-parent homes.”
2. When there is a compound with a participle (i.e., verb ending in –ed or –ing) that
precedes the term it modifies
• evidence-based practice

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 ABSTRACTION

Use hyphens...
3. When an adjective and noun compound precedes the term it modifies
• low-income families
4. When a fraction is used as an adjective
• one-fourth minority
5. When the base word is a number
• pre-CDC recommendation

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | QUEZON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

 ABSTRACTION

Use hyphens...
6. When words could be misunderstood
• re-pair (to pair again)
7. When the prefix ends and the base word begins with “a,” “i,” or
“o”
• meta-analysis
• co-occur

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | QUEZON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

 ABSTRACTION

1. Beginning of a Sentence
2. Major Words in Titles Used in
the Body of the Paper
3. CAPITALIZATION Example:
In the book Modern Warfare,
Clinger (1998) envisioned a world
where ground troops are
unnecessary.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | QUEZON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

 ABSTRACTION
3. Proper Nouns
Example:
Few psychologists were more influential
than Freud.

3. CAPITALIZATION
4. Racial and ethnic group names are
proper nouns and therefore require
capitalization.
Example:
I interviewed Latina women between the
ages of 25 and 39.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | QUEZON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

 ABSTRACTION
5. Trade Names
Example:
My dog loves Purina Puppy Chow.
6. Names of Specific University
Departments or Courses
3. CAPITALIZATION
Example:
I enrolled in Scholarly Writing 101.
7. Exact Titles of Tests
Example:
The students needed to take the Texas
Assessment of Knowledge and Skills test.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | QUEZON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

 ABSTRACTION

Reflect on your writing practice. Are you cautious in

applying the mechanics in writing?

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | QUEZON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

 GENERALIZATION

Think-Pair-Share: Let’s highlight the key

points on mechanics!

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | QUEZON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

 APPLICATION

INSTRUCTIONS: Look for a

paragraph or brief article about
any topic. You may use online
source, magazine, newspaper,
books, and other resources. Then,
read and evaluate it in terms of
mechanics in writing.

Note to Students: Soft copy

of the editable evaluation
sheet will be sent in our GC.
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | QUEZON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL