TUBE

STRUCTURE
(PERFORATED SHELL, FRAMED, BRACED,
TRUSSED, LATICED TRUSSED, BUNDLED,
TUBE-IN-TUBE, BRACED CORE)
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS TUBE STRUCTURE?

A tube structure is a type of structural

engineering system used in high-rise buildings to
resist lateral loads such as wind and seismic
forces. The tube system is based on the idea that a
building can be designed to act like a hollow
cylinder, cantilevered perpendicular to the
ground, to resist lateral loads. The perimeter of
the exterior consists of closely spaced columns
that are tied together with deep spandrel beams
through moment connections, forming a rigid
frame that amounts to a dense and strong
structural wall along the exterior of the building.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
In 1963, Fazlur Rahman Khan, a structural
engineer from Bangladesh, introduced framed
tubes, transforming skyscraper design. It's a
three-dimensional structure formed by
interconnected frames or shear walls, resisting
lateral forces by cantilevering from the
foundation.

The DeWitt-Chestnut apartment building,

designed by Khan and completed in Chicago by
1963, was the pioneering structure to
implement tube-frame construction. This
innovative approach set the groundwork for
numerous subsequent skyscrapers, including
Khan's own John Hancock Center and Willis
Tower and the construction of the World Trade
Center, the Petronas Towers, the Jin Mao
Building, and most other tall skyscrapers since
the 1960s, including the world's tallest building
as of 2020, the Burj Khalifa.
DEWITT-CHESTNUT Style of building that
APARTMENT emphasizes function
form over
ornamentation
TYPES OF TUBE
STRUCTURES
 PERFORATED
SHELL
In construction, a perforated shell
refers to a thin-walled structure
with a pattern of regularly spaced
holes or perforations. These
perforations can be of various
shapes and sizes, and they can be
arranged in different patterns
depending on the intended
application.
FRAMED
There is no specific shape limit for
the tubes, such as squares, circles,
rectangles, or free forms. Framed
tube structures feature closely
spaced exterior columns rigidly
linked to deep spandrel beams
extending continuously along the
facades and around the building's
corners.
 TRUSSED OR
BRACED
The trussed tube, also termed
braced tube, is similar to the
simple tube but with
comparatively fewer and
farther-spaced exterior
columns. Steel bracings or
concrete shear walls are
introduced along the exterior
walls to compensate for the
fewer columns by tying them
together.
 LATICED
TRUSSED
A lattice truss is an infrastructural
design component used in
construction applications. It
consists of interlaced chords that
are cross-linked horizontally and
diagonally to provide stability and
support to a structure.
BUNDLED
Bundled tube construction is an
architectural and structural
engineering technique used in
the design of skyscrapers. In
bundled tube construction, the
building’s load-bearing structure
is organized into a bundle of
smaller, interconnected tubes or
columns. These tubes are
typically arranged closely
together around a central core.
This design distributes the
building’s weight and load-
bearing capacity, while
increasing the building’s
structural stability.
TUBE-IN-TUBE
Tube-in-tube structural
system is also known as “hull
and core” arrangement.
Here, a core tube is
surrounded by an exterior
tube. The exterior tube is the
usual tube system that takes
the majority of gravity and
lateral loads.
BRACED
CORE
is an integral part of the building's
structural system and is designed to
prevent excessive lateral movement
or sway, ensuring the safety and
stability of the structure. The braced
core is typically composed of
diagonal bracing members or shear
walls and is strategically located
within the building. Braced cores
play a crucial role in the structural
stability and safety of tall buildings,
and their design is a critical aspect
of the overall structural engineering
of high-rise structures.
 METHODS

COLUMS & CORE

DESIGN BEAMS ASSEMBLY

01 02 03 04 05 06
FOUNDATION TUBE INTERCONNECTION
ASSEMBLY
FRAMED
There is no specific shape limit for
the tubes, such as squares, circles,
rectangles, or free forms. Framed
tube structures feature closely
spaced exterior columns rigidly
linked to deep spandrel beams
extending continuously along the
facades and around the building's
corners.
 ADVANTAGES
STRUCTURAL REDUCED SHEAR
INTEGRITY & DRIFT

MATERIAL AESTHETIC
EFFICIENCY FLEXIBILITY
 DISADVANTAGES
COST OF MATERIALS HEAVY

LIMITED DESIGN MAINTENANCE

FLEXIBILITY ACCES
 CONCLUSION

Tube structures are integral to modern engineering and construction, providing a strong
and efficient solution against lateral forces. They have a strong outer frame that's super
important for dealing with things like earthquakes, wind, and rain. Because the outside
is so well-protected, we don't need a lot of extra support inside the building. The concept
of designing buildings as hollow cantilevers has given rise to diverse tube structural
systems. Constructed from materials like concrete, steel, or their combination, these
structures exhibit a remarkable blend of strength and flexibility. The importance of tube
structures lies in their ability to address key challenges in construction, offering
solutions for lateral load resistance,optimizing material usage, providing versatility in
design, and contributing to efficient and innovative building practices.
Thank
you!